黄海大头鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)种群特征的年际变化  

INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN THE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACIFIC COD GADUS MACROCEPHALUS IN THE YELLOW SEA

作　　者：李忠炉[1,2,3] 金显仕[1] 张波[1] 周志鹏[1,4] 单秀娟[1] 戴芳群[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛266071 [3]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088 [4]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2012年第5期924-931,共8页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：全球变化研究重大科学研究计划项目,2010CB951204号;国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目,2009AA09Z401号;国家自然科学基金项目,40906086号;山东省泰山学者专项基金项目

摘　　要：根据1999—2002年和2007—2009年各年冬季共7个航次的底拖网调查资料,对黄海大头鳕的种群特征及其年际变化进行了研究。结果表明,大头鳕种群相对密度升高,优势年龄由1龄组升高到3龄组,雌性性成熟比例升高;两个调查阶段大头鳕的体长-体重关系分别为W=4.564×10-3L3.333和W=1.550×10-2L2.994;主要饵料均为甲壳类,饵料多样性指数(H′)从1.0升高到1.9,表明大头鳕生境宽度增加。大头鳕种群特征的变化可能与气候变化、黄海生态系统食物网结构的变化以及渔业保护有关。与20世纪80年代相比,两个调查阶段的大头鳕年龄结构仍然较为简单,且其分布范围较窄,资源易受外界环境变化的影响。因此,需关注环境因子和捕捞压力变化对黄海大头鳕资源的影响,制定合理养护措施,促进资源的可持续利用。Variations in population characteristics of the studied using data from seven winter surveys in 1999--2002 Pacific cod （Gadus macrocephalus） in the Yellow Sea were and 2007--2009. The results showed that the relative popula- tion density increased from 1.0kg/h to 11.7kg/h, and the dominant age increased from 1 year old to 3 years old over the surveyed periods. Moreover, proportions of females at sexual maturity increased from 21.9% to 67.3%. Body weight-length relationships of male and female individuals were insignificantly different （P〉0.05）, and the pooled data for these two pe- riods can be fitted using two exponential functions, i.e., W = 4.564× 10-3 L3.333 in 1999--2002 and W = 1.550× 10-2 L2.994 in 2007--2009. Stomach contents analysis showed that crustaceans were the dominant diet in both periods, although with more species foraged by the Pacific cod in recent years. This may have caused an increase in its niche width. The changes in population characteristics were attributed to the climate changes, variations in food web and the fishery management strategies enforced in the Yellow Sea. Compared to the data from 1980s＇, the distribution of the Pacific cod in the Yellow Sea is still limited and their age structure is simple. Therefore, the Pacific cod stock is sensitive to the changes in fishing intensity and the environment stressors, thus rational protective measures should be developed for the sustainable utiliza- tion of this species.

关 键 词：大头鳕 生物学特征 食性 年际变化 黄海 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]