岷江上游山地牧道与锥花小檗种群特征的关系  

Relationships between grazing-path and Berberis aggregate population characteristics in upper reaches of Minjiang River,Southwest China

作　　者：刘金鑫[1] 宫渊波[1] 郑江坤[1] 张兴华[1] 姜广争[1] 岳艳杰[1] 左琴[1] 刘牧[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第1期63-70,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A11);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);四川农业大学211工程创新团队项目资助

摘　　要：以干旱河谷/山地森林交错带的锥花小檗灌丛为对象,采用跟踪放牧和野外调查的方法获取家畜生境利用和牧道分布特征,并使用RDA排序筛选出影响牧道分布的主要因子,探讨牧道特征与锥花小檗盖度、大小级和分布格局的关系.结果表明:牧道分布能够直观反映家畜的生境利用特点,并与跟踪放牧结果一致;5m尺度的Morisita指数能客观地反映牧道的分布类型,样地1、2和6呈集群分布,其他样地呈均匀分布;在坡面尺度上,灌丛盖度、灌丛高度与牧道特征呈负相关,为显著影响因子;锥花小檗种群盖度和牧道面积呈显著负相关;种群结构与牧道分布密切相关,锥花小檗灌木长轴和短轴比平均为1.29,灌木形状趋近于圆形,牧道景观及牧道上的放牧家畜对灌木具有塑形作用;锥花小檗种群和牧道Morisita指数指向性一致,但实际上两者呈反向分布,灌木斑块或集聚或均匀分布于偏离牧道的区域.Taking the Berberis aggregate shrubs in the ecotone of dry valley and montane forests in upper reaches of Minjiang River as study objects, and by the methods of tracking grazing and field survey, this paper studied the characteristics of habitat utilization by livestock and the features of grazing-path. The major factors affecting the features of grazing-path were screened by redundancy analysis （RDA）, and the relationships of the grazing-path features with the coverage, size class, and distribution pattern of the shrubs were analyzed. It was shown that the distribution pattern of the grazing-path could intuitively reflect the characteristics of the habitat utilization by livestock, being in accordance with the results of tracking grazing. The Morisita index at 5 m scale could objectively reflect the distribution type of the grazing-path. Sample plots 1,2 and 6 presented a contagious distribution of grazing-path, while the other plots showed regular distribution. In slope scale, the coverage and height of the shrubs were the notable ＇affecting factors, which had negative correlations with the grazing-path features. There was a significant negative correlation between the coverage of B. aggregate population and the area of grazing-path. The population structure of B. aggregate had a close correlation with the distribution of grazing-path. The ratio of the long axis to short axis of the shrubs was averagely 1.29, and the shape of the shrubs approached to round. It was considered that the grazing-path landscape and the livestock on the grazing-paths had the function of reconstructing the shape of the shrubs. The directionality of the population pattern of B. aggregate was generally in line with the distribution type of grazing-path, but actually, they were opposite in distribution. The patches of the shrubs were in aggregated or uniform distribution in the areas deviated from the grazing-path.

关 键 词：牧道 锥花小檗 RDA 排序 空间分布 山地 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]