入侵植物小飞蓬及其伴生植物的光合特性  

Photosynthetic characteristics of an invasive plant Conyza canadensis and its associated plants

作　　者：王晓红[1,2] 纪明山[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第1期71-77,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划项目(2009R49)资助

摘　　要：为探讨小飞蓬的入侵机制和制定有效的治理措施,对入侵植物小飞蓬及其主要伴生植物山苦荬和鸭跖草的光合特性进行研究.结果表明:小飞蓬的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为1634.00和23.84μmol·m-2·s-1,介于2种伴生植物之间;光饱和点下的最大净光合速率为28.12μmol·m-2·s-1,显著高于2种伴生植物;表观量子效率为0.06,与山苦荬差异不显著,但显著高于鸭跖草.小飞蓬的CO2饱和点和CO2补偿点分别为834.00和23.69μmol·mol-1;CO2饱和点下的最大净光合速率为31.97μmol·m-2·s-1,介于2种伴生植物之间;羧化效率为0.078,显著高于伴生植物.有效光合辐射和CO2浓度的变化对小飞蓬及其伴生植物的气孔导度、蒸腾速率影响不显著,但显著影响其水分利用率.小飞蓬具有较高的光合速率和物质积累能力,较高的生产力是其成功入侵的重要因素之一.To explore the invasion mechanisms of Conyza canadensis and develop effective control measures, this paper studied the photosynthetic characteristics of the invasive plant and its main associated plants Ixeris chinensis and Commelina communis. The light saturation point and light compensation point of C. canadensis were 1634.00 and 23.84 μmol· m^-2 · s^-1, respectively, which were between those of the two associated plants. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of C. canadensis below light saturation point was 28.12 μmol · m^-2 · s^-1 , being much higher than that of the two associated plants. The apparent quantum yield of C. canadensis was 0.06, equal to that of I. chinensis but higher than that of C. communis. The CO2 saturation point and CO2 compensation point of C. canadensis were 834.00 and 23.69 μmol · mol^-1 , respectively. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of C. canadensis below CO： saturation point was 31.97 μmol ·m^-2 ·s^-1, which was between that of the two associated species. The carboxylation efficiency of C. canadensis was 0. 078, being higher than that of the two associated species. The variations of phbtosynthetically ac- tive radiation and CO2 concentration had little effects on the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the three plants, but significantly affected their water use efficiency. C. canadensis had higher photosynthetic rate and material accumulation capability, and its high productivity could be one of the important factors for its successful invasion.

关 键 词：生物入侵 生物多样性 小飞蓬 伴生植物 光合参数 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]