甘肃悬泉置遗址出土古纸的时代及相关问题  

The Era and Relevant Problems on Ancient Paper Unearthed in Xuanquan Site,Gansu

作　　者：李晓岑[1] 王辉[2] 贺超海[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083 [2]甘肃省文物考古研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2012年第3期277-287,共11页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家文物局"指南针计划"专项项目"中国古纸的科学价值挖掘研究"(项目编号:20090304)

摘　　要：根据简牍的纪年对甘肃悬泉置遗址出土古纸各层位的时代进行分析,发现悬泉置遗址的第3层和第4层的简牍均为西汉纪年,应为确切的西汉层位,没有受到东汉层位遗物的扰乱,说明这两个层位出土的古纸也应该是西汉时代的古纸。这证实了中国在西汉时代已发明了纸和造纸术的历史事实。通过对各层位纸张进行分析,认为早期的西汉纸均为浇纸法生产,使用麻类纤维,说明中国造纸术起源于浇纸法造麻纸。抄纸法生产的纸张则出土于第1层或第2层的晚期层位,年代未定,不排除是东汉纸的可能。这些古纸在制造过程中,或造出纸后,一部分经过了内部加填或表面涂料等工艺处理,其中有的纸表面加有淀粉涂料,已属初级的加工纸范畴。Making an analysis on the era of each layer of ancient paper unearthed in Xuanquan Site, Gansu according to the chronglogy of bamboo slips, this thesis finds the chronglogy of both the third and the fourth layers of bamboo slips to be the one of the Western Han Dynasty, and these two layers are exactly of the Western Han Dynasty without perturbation of cultural relics in the layer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The thesis shows the historical fact that paper and papermaking technique were already invented in the Western Han Dynasty. Through the analysis on paper in each layer, the authors argue that paper in early Western Han was made of bast fiber by the pouring method, and ex- plain that the papermaking technique in China dates from the hemp paper made using the pouring method. However, the paper made with use of the dipping method is unearthed in the late layer, the first or second layer of an uncertain era, and the possibility of paper being made in the Eastern Han Dynasty is not excluded. As regards the manufacture of ancient papers or after their manufacture, they were subjected to process treatments on a part of them, such as interior filling or surface coat- ing, and the paper with starch coating on its surface belongs to the primary coated paper.

关 键 词：悬泉置 西汉古纸 简牍 填料 淀粉粒 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]