微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究  

Experimental study on characters of wetted soil in moistube irrigation

作　　者：张俊[1,2] 牛文全[1,2] 张琳琳[1,2] 史丽艳[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2012年第6期32-38,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展技术(863)"低能耗微灌技术与产品"(2011AA100507)

摘　　要：为探明微润灌溉线源入渗水分运移规律,通过室内土箱试验对微润灌溉土壤水分分布进行研究,分析土壤质地和土壤密度对湿润体特性的影响。结果表明:微润灌溉湿润体是以微润带为轴心的柱状体,黏壤土为近似圆柱体,砂土湿润体横剖面为"倒梨"形,黏壤土R:X:H(R为水平运移距离,X为垂直向上运移距离,H为垂直向下运移距离)平均为1.00:0.90:0.99,砂土为1.00:0.81:0.95。湿润锋水平和垂直(向上和向下)运移距离均与灌水时间呈显著的幂函数关系,土壤密度和质地是影响湿润体特性的主要因素;微润带流量小,单位长度流量不超过210 mL/(m.h),可适应土壤含水率变化自动调整,累计入渗量与灌水时间呈线性关系;湿润体内含水率以微润管带为轴心呈同心圆面分布,大部分土壤含水率介于田间持水量的80%～90%之间,微润灌溉均匀度高,达95.62%。因此,微润灌溉技术节水效果显著,适宜旱区作物用水需求。This study was conducted to investigate the soil water movement of line source infiltration under miostube-irrigation.Soil box experiments was used to study soil water distribution and analyze the effect of the soil texture and bulk density on the characteristic of wetted soil.The results showed that the wetted soil looked like cylindrical object which with pipe as it＇s axle centre and clay loam soil was approximate with cylinder,the cross section of sandy soil as obpyriform shape.The ratio of R：X：H was 1：0.90：0.99 in clay loam soil and 1：0.81：0.95 in sandy soil,respectively.（R：horizontal migration distance;X：vertical upward distance;Y：vertical downward distance）.The relationship between the horizontal or vertical moving distance of wetting front with irrigation time appeared as a power function.The effects of the soil texture and bulk density on the characteristic of wetted soil were significant in mois-tube irrigation.Miostube-irrigation has small flow,the unit length flow rate was not exceed 210 mL·m-1·h-1,which could automatically adjust with the change of soil water content,cumulative infiltration has a linear relation with irrigation time.Water distribution in the volume of wetted soil was a concentric circle with the pipe.Most of soil water content lied between 80% and 90% of field capacity.Miostube-irrigation has high irrigation uniformity,which reached 95.62%.The effect of water saving of miostube-irrigation is prominent,which is suitable for crop water demand in the arid regions.

关 键 词：微润灌溉 线源入渗 湿润体 灌溉均匀度 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]