云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征  

Effects of different slope farming measures on soil erosion and nutrient loss in Nicotiana tabacum area,Qujing City,Yunnan Province

作　　者：邱学礼[1] 李军营[2] 李向阳[2] 胡万里[1] 段宗颜[1] 付斌[1] 鲁耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2012年第6期98-103,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部污染源普查项目“种植业源污染物流失系数测算”(WX-Z-07-15);中国烟草总公司科技计划项目“清香型特色优质烟叶开发”(110201101003(Ts-03));中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目“云南清香型特色优质烟叶开发”(2011YN02);“云南黄金走廊生态特色烟叶开发”(2011YN03)

摘　　要：通过对云南红壤坡耕地一年内产流降雨的监测,研究不同农作处理下烤烟坡耕地的水土流失特征。结果表明:1)顺坡垄作处理条件下,施肥量的差异造成地表植被覆盖率的差异,影响了水土流失量和养分流失量;2)破膜提土处理条件下,相比未破膜处理,破膜后可增加地表土壤的保水能力、减少水土流失量,其中秸秆覆盖在揭膜后对减轻水土流失效果更好;3)烤烟生长前期,农作处理方式是影响水土流失和养分流失的主要因素,烤烟生长后期,地表植被覆盖率成为影响坡耕地水土流失和养分流失的主要因素;4)氮、磷养分流失途径相比较,总磷流失相对于总氮流失受径流流失影响更大。The characteristics of soil erosion and nutrient loss under different slope farming measures of red soil in Yunnan were studied based on rainfall-runoff process.The results showed that for the down slope tillage,the different amounts of fertilizer would lead to different vegetation coverage,which will affect the amounts of soil erosion and nutrient loss.Compared with the treatment of covering film,contour tillage after uncovering film could improve soil moisture-holding capacity and reduce soil erosion,especially straw mulching after uncovering film performed better.At early stage,the main factors affecting soil erosion and nutrient loss by Nicotiana tabacum plant were farming measures;and at maturity stage,the main affecting factor was vegetation coverage.Compared with nitrogen loss,the phosphorus loss was affected greater by runoff.

关 键 词：坡耕地 农作处理 水土流失 养分流失 云南曲靖 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]