论周公旦对夏商神权法思想的改进  

Improvement of Sacred Law Ideas in Xia and Shang Dynasties by Zhougong

作　　者：张国妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学法学院,甘肃兰州730124

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第1期110-115,共6页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：西北民族大学中青年科研基金项目"中国传统法律文化融入现代法治文明研究"(编号:12XB17)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从中国法律思想史的起源考证,最初确立的法律思想是神权法。夏朝的奴隶主贵族为了使自己的统治合法化,利用宗教迷信和鬼神观念,极力宣称自己是神和上天在人间的代理人,接受"天命"来统治人间,对不服从其统治者施行"天罚";神权法思想在商朝盛极一时,商朝奴隶主对至上神和上帝的崇拜达到了无以复加的地步。但神权法思想到了西周,却面临思想内容自身难以克服的矛盾,根据统治者维护其长期统治的需要,周公旦提出"以德配天"、"敬德保民"、"明德慎罚"对夏商神权法思想进行了修正、补充和发展,不仅弱化了神权法思想,而且成为统治中国二千余年的以宗法思想为核心的礼治思想的理论基础。By studying the origin of the history of Chinese legal ideas, we know that the original laws were sacred ones. In Xia dynasty, to legalize their ruling, slave-owner nobles took advantage of religious superstition and ghost ideas to claim that they were the earthly agent of heavenly gods, rnled the early world in accordance with ＂heavenly mission＂, and carried ＂heavenly punishment＂against those who disobeyed such ruling. Ideas of sacred laws prevailed in Shang dynasty, the slave-owners at that time made foremost gods and heavenly worshiping to an extreme. However, uncorrectable contradictions appeared in such ideas in Western Zhou dynasty. To meet the needs of permanent ruling, Zhougong revised, complemented and developed ideas of sacred laws in Xia and Shang dynasty by putting forward the following ideas： morality facilitating the heavenly, respecting morality and protecting the people, and publicizing morality and carefully using punishment. This weakened ideas of sacred laws; furthermore, it became the theoretical foundation of ritual administration with patriarchal clan system as its core in the following over 2 thousand years.

关 键 词：神权法思想 修正 补充 发展 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]