程度副词“到顶”与“极顶”的功能、配合与成因——兼论从述宾短语到程度副词的结构与语义制约  

Functions, Co-ordinations and Evolutions of Degree Adverbs Dàodǐnɡ and Jídǐnɡ: A Discussion on the Structure from V-O Phrase to Degree Adverb and its Semantic Constraints

作　　者：张谊生[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2013年第1期27-40,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(07BYY048)"近30年来汉语虚词的发展变化及其演化趋势研究";上海市哲社规划课题(2012BYY002)"当代汉语流行构式研究"的专题成果之一

摘　　要："到顶"只能后置,"极顶"可以前置或后置。"到顶"能后附于名词谓语,构成组合式补语,后补单音节词,"极顶"均不能。"到顶"与"极顶"可以连用配合,互补时"到极顶"是述宾叠加式,"极到顶"是述补叠合式。"到顶"的副词化在原句位与词汇化同步完成,"极顶"则先名词化进而充当状语而副词化,或充当宾语因述语脱落而补语化再成为副词。就副词化机制而言,"到顶"是转喻,"极顶"是隐喻。汉语的述宾短语,只要述语、宾语分别有[+达到][+顶点]的语义特征且合成一个双音节,在一定的条件下就有可能程度副词化。Both daod＇ing （到顶）and tiding（极顶）are degree adverbs, but there are differ- ences between them, for instance, the former can only be post-posed, while the latter either pre- posed or post-posed; and the former can be attached to a nominal predicate forming a complement and can be preceded by a mono-syllabic adjective, but the latter does not function like this. The two can be merged to form the phrases ddto tiding in the V-O structure and flddtod^ng in the V- Complement structure. DeCoding became an adverb as the immediate result of lexicalization while remaining in its normal position in a sentence, whereas fid^ng, before becoming an adverb, must be nominalized as adverbial, or must function as complement by dropping the verb in the V-O structure as object. As far as the mechanism for ddtod^ng and jfd^ng to become adverbs is con- cerned, the former is a metonymy and the latter a metaphor. The V-O phrase may become a de- gree adverb on condition that V and 0 in it have the semantic feature of [ ＋ reach ] [ ＋ summit ] respectively and are combined into a disyllabic word.

关 键 词：句法分布 结构制约 演化机制 副词化 补语化 程度化 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]