词汇类型学视角下的英汉语<相遇>类动词对比研究  

The Meeting Type of Reciprocal Verbs in English and Mandarin:A Perspective from Lexical Typology

作　　者：易焱[1] 王克非[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,100089 [2]北京外国语大学中国外语教育研究中心,北京100089

出　　处：《外语教学》2013年第1期7-13,共7页Foreign Language Education

摘　　要：本文将类型学、词汇类型学的视野和研究方法引入英汉语的<相遇>类动词的对比研究中。我们发现:1)英汉语的相遇类动词普遍具有多义性;2)这两种语言的该类动词词汇化的义素都大体相同。英汉语相遇类动词的主要区别在于:1)具体动词共词化的范围不同:英语该类动词的典型meet的多义性比其在汉语中的对应词"相遇"高很多;2)和英语相比,汉语有更多符合相互动词原型的相遇动词:很多含有"相"、"交"的动词都是不及物的。从类型学的角度,本文发现<看见>和<相遇-社会(约会)>共词化、<相遇-空间>和<结识>共词化有可能是语言中常见的现象。In recent typological literature on reciprocal constructions the English verb ＇ meet＇ is often mentioned as an example of reciprocal verbs and used to paraphrase ＂,equivalent＂ words in other languages. This paper, however, demonstrates that the ＇ meeting type＇ of reciprocal words in English and Mandarin are often polysemous, each with varying degrees and types of sym- metricity. More meeting type verbs in English than in Mandarin co-lexify corresponding non-symmetric （transitive） meanings. Furthermore, the colexification of 〈 seeing 〉 and 〈 social encountering 〉 and that of 〈 meeting for the first time 〉 and 〈 knowing 〉 are the two possible patterns of lexicalization in world languages. These findings are made possible by the working procedure which the authors borrowed and improved from the emerging field of lexical typology.

关 键 词：词汇类型学 相互动词 <相遇>类相互动词 对称性/相互性 共词化模式 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]