黑龙江省药用植物根际土壤真菌多样性  

Fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：慕东艳[1,2] 吕国忠[2] 孙晓东[2] 王娜[1,2] 赵志慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,大连116029 [2]大连民族学院环境与资源学院,大连116600

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第1期229-237,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30770009;31170020)

摘　　要：为了解黑龙江省药用植物根际土壤真菌的种群结构和区系分布特点,于2010年7月份和10月份,在黑龙江省的伊春、铁力、绥化、哈尔滨、牡丹江和佳木斯6个中药材产区共采集土壤样品220份,所采集的药用植物种类主要有五味子、平贝母、刺五加、党参、防风、柴胡、桔梗、黄芩等14种。经稀释平板法和土壤颗粒平板法分离共获得1016株真菌,经形态鉴定归为35属86种,其中接合菌7属10种,占7.78%;子囊菌1属2种,占0.69%;无性型真菌27属74种,占70.76%,其余20.77%的菌株为不产孢真菌。试验结果表明,黑龙江省药用植物根际土壤真菌的种群多样性丰富,其中青霉属Penicillium、曲霉属Aspergillus、木霉属Trichoderma、镰孢菌属Fusarium是优势种群,粘帚霉属Gliocladium、金孢属Chrysosporium、毛霉属Mucor、枝孢属Cladosporium、枝顶孢属Acremonium、根霉属Rhizopus是亚优势种群。不同药用植物根际土壤真菌区系的结构和组成存在一定的差异。除无孢类群外,青霉属Penicillium、曲霉属Aspergillus、木霉属Trichoderma和镰孢菌属Fusarium是14种药用植物根际土壤真菌的优势菌群。五味子、平贝母和柴胡是黑龙江省种植的主要中药材,它们在6个采样地点间的真菌种群的多样性水平存在差异,其中伊春地区的多样性指数(H'=2.9574)和丰富度指数(R=5.6683)最高,而佳木斯地区的均匀度指数(J=0.9200)最高。不同地区的相似性水平也存在差异,其中牡丹江与绥化的药用植物根际土壤真菌种群组成之间的相似性系数最高(Cj=0.6315),牡丹江与哈尔滨的相似性最低(Cj=0.3704)。Heilongjiang Province is one of the major population structure and distribution characteristics of authors investigated and collected 220 rhizosphere soil medicinal plant-growing areas in China. In order to understand the fungal species in rhizosphere soil of cultivated medicinal plants, the samples in the fields of 14 medicinal plants grown in Yichun, Tieli, Suihua, Harbin, Mudanjiang and Jiamusi regions of Heilongjiang Province during July to October, 2010. The mainly investigated medicinal plants included Acanthopanax senticosus, Anernarrhena asphodeloides, Arctium lappa, Belamcanda chinensis, Bupleurum chinense, Carthamus tinctorius, Codonopsis pilosula, Dioscorea nippon＆a, Fritillaria ussuriensis, Leonurusa artemisia, Platycodon grandiflorus, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Schisandra chinensis, and Scutellaria balcalensis. In this paper, we took the traditional morphological methods to identify fungal species. This study is aimed at the following three aspects： to investigate the detailed species and distribution pattern of medicinal plants in six regions of Heilongjiang Province, to analyze the sporulating fungi in rhizosphere soil of cultivated fungal medicinal plants, to collect potentially economic fungal resources, and to diversity in rhizosphere soil of different understand ecological characteristics ofrhizosphere soil fungi of medicinal plants in the studied areas. After fungal isolation by means of soil dilution plate and soil particle plate and culture on standard media, totally 1016 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on colony and spore production, 86 fungal species belonging to 35 genera were morphologically identified, including ten species in seven genera of Zygomycetes （7.78%） , two species in one genus of Ascomycetes （0.69%）, and 74 species in 27 genera of anamorphic fungi （70.76%）, the left 20.77% of all isolates were sterile on media. The results indicated that plentiful fungal diversity was present in the cultivated medicinal plant rhizosphere soil in Heilongjiang Province. Of

关 键 词：药用植物 土壤真菌 优势菌群 多样性指数 相似性系数 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]