“三定三控”技术对“金魁”猕猴桃产量与品质的影响  

A Study on New Canopy Management Technologies for Kiwi fruit

作　　者：鄢帮有[1] 陈葵[1] 严玉平[1] 徐小彪[2] 黄海琴[1] 冷建华 涂贵军 李帮明 

机构地区：[1]江西省山江湖开发治理委员会办公室,江西南昌330046 [2]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省奉新县农业局,江西奉新330700

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2012年第6期1124-1129,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2010GB2C500226);国家国际合作项目(2011DFA31050)

摘　　要：针对猕猴桃存在产量低、品质不佳、市场竞争能力弱等问题,在江西省奉新县选定2 hm2猕猴桃果园为实验区,引进新西兰猕猴桃树冠管理技术,系统比较和分析单一领导枝选定、立柱拉线定牵引枝、冬芽定量、生长势控制、条状雄株控制、果实成熟度控制的"三定三控"树冠管理技术对猕猴桃生产的影响。实验于2007年开始对实验果园进行技术改造,2009年基本完成单一领导枝树形改造,此后记录果园生产情况。实验结果表明,应用"三定三控"种植管理技术的实验区,树形改造后的第3年,产量恢复到以往水平,从第4年始,产量有了极显著性增加,比传统增加了23.2%,第5年增加幅度更大,增产27.9%。实验区果实外形(果形指数)没有变化,果实品质与传统管理方式一致。从第3年始,实验区平均单果质量呈极显著增加,果实偏大,果实大小相对均匀,符合市场需求的果实比例显著提高,第4年和第5年,实验区符合市场需求的果实比传统区分别高出13%和16%。此外,实验区的果实比传统区果实更耐贮。研究结果显示,"三定三控"技术可显著提高产量,增加果实质量和果实均匀度,以及贮藏性能,值得推广应用,可作为我国猕猴桃高产优质标准化栽培重要的技术。In order to solve the problems of low yield,short storage time and weak marketing competence of kiwi fruit,new technologies for kiwi fruit canopy management were introduced from New Zealand,which included single leader system,string system,bud management in winter pruning,low vigor system,strip male and fruit maturity monitoring.From 2007 to 2011,the technologies were applied to trial plots which were located in 2 hm 2 kiwifruit orchard in Fengxin County.The impact of the new management technologies on kiwi fruit were compared and analyzed.The results showed that,in the trial plots treated with new management technologies,the yield returned to the original level in the third year.From the forth year,the yield of the trial plots increased remarkably by 23.2% and in the fifth year,the yield increased by 27.9% compered with that of the control plots;the fruit in the trial plots had the same shape and quality as those in the control plots.But from the third year,the single fruit weight in the trial plots was significantly higher than that of the control plots,which meant the improvement of the of marketing rate of the fruit.In the forth and fifth years,the rate of marketing fruit in the trial plots were 13% and 16% higher than that in the control plots,respectively.Furthermore,the fruit in the research field had longer storage life than those in the control plots.The study indicated that the new management technologies for kiwi fruit can increase the yield,single fruit weight,improve the fruit size and prolong the storage life,worthy to be adopted by farmers.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 树冠管理技术 产量 单果质量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]