发热门诊患者甲型H1N1流感疫苗接种情况及影响因素调查  

Cross-sectional study on immunization of novel influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in a fever clinic

作　　者：李晓光[1] 胥婕[1] 杨雪松[1] 张拓红[2] 姚中强[1] 邓忠华[1] 沈励[2] 吴华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院,北京100191 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2012年第12期1019-1021,1025,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目:"863"计划(2008AA02Z416)

摘　　要：目的了解发热门诊患者接种甲型H1N1流感(甲流)疫苗的一般情况以及影响因素,为今后流感的预防控制工作提供依据。方法采取横断面研究,2010年1月1日至2月28日发热门诊就诊的所有患者4556例,按照是否接种甲流疫苗分组,分析其基本情况。另选取2010年2月1—7日愿意接受问卷调查者425例,对其接种/未接种甲流疫苗的原因进行调查。结果发热门诊患者的甲流疫苗接种率12.6%。与未接种组比较,接种组多为男性(55.3%)、年龄多为16～35岁(89.0%),以学生为主(66.0%),两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。未接种疫苗的原因主要包括:身体因素(42.2%)、疫苗因素(38.0%)、外在因素(48.6%)。按职业比较,学生和退休人员以身体因素为主,干部职员以外在因素为主;受调查者学历越高,考虑疫苗因素的比例越大(P均<0.05)。接种疫苗的原因以单位或社区组织接种为主(82.1%)。结论发热门诊患者中甲流疫苗接种率不高,受接种政策、组织管理等因素影响,相关部门尚需要加大流感预防及流感疫苗质量、安全性、接种政策等知识的宣传,采取更加有效便利的接种措施。Objective To understand novel influenza A/H1N1 vaccination coverage and vaccination influencing factors among patients in a fever clinic in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of influenza in future. Methods All 4556 patients in a fever clinic in Beijing during January and February in 2010 were selected. They were divided into two groups according to whether vaccination of novel influenza A/H1N1 or not and their basic information were analyzed. Furthermore, 425 patients who agreed to take questionnaire survey about ＂the reasons of taking vaccination/non-vaccination＂ were investigated from February 1 to 7 2010. Results The vaccination rate of novel influenza A/ H1N1 was 12. 6% among patients in the fever clinic. Comparing with non-vaccination group, the percentages of male （55.3%）, aged 16 to 35 （89.0%）, occupation of student/undergraduate （66. 0% ）, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The associated factors about non-vaccination reasons were physical factors （42. 2% ）, vaccine factors （38.0%）, and exterior factors （48. 6% ）. Physical factors were main reasons in students and the retiree, and exterior factors were main reasons in office clerks. Vaccine factors had positive related to education level （ P value 〈 0.05 ） ~ On the other side, the most reason was ＂collective vaccination by school, college, community or others＂ （82. 1% ）. Conclusion The vaccination rate of novel influenza A/H1N1 was low among participants in this study. It should be inten-sified by propaganda of influenza prevention and vaccination in quality, security and policy of public health department, developing effective and convenient vaccination measures.

关 键 词：甲型H1N1流感 疫苗接种 影响因素 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]