钻柱振动信号在线监测及应用  

Drilling string vibration online monitoring and its application

作　　者：刘瑞文[1] 管志川[1] 李春山[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学石油工程学院,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2013年第1期60-64,共5页Journal of Vibration and Shock

摘　　要：钻柱振动信号是一种非常复杂的振动波,它包含了钻柱和钻头自身工况引起的振动、钻头与地层相互作用所激发的振动,钻柱与井壁相互碰撞和粘卡-释放引起的振动等。研究表明,井下钻柱的运动状态、牙轮钻头的磨损状况和岩石的破碎方式的不同,会表现出不同的振动特征。因此,在线监测和分析钻柱振动信号的时域和频域特征,实时识别井下钻具的工作状态,对预防钻具(钻柱和钻头)的早期损坏、减少钻井事故的发生具有重要作用。在调研国内外钻柱振动信号测量方法的基础上,研制了钻柱三轴振动信号的地面测量装置,并进行了现场试验。试验结果表明,通过对振动信号的时域和频域信号的特征分析,对可以识别出钻柱的非稳定工作状态、钻柱粘卡、钻头故障等异常工况,并且通过改变钻压或转盘转速可以消除因钻进参数配合不当二引发的高幅振动,防止钻具的早期损坏。Drilling string vibration signal is a kind of very complex vibration waves, it contains the vibration caused by drilling string and bit working condition, the vibration stimulated by the interaction of bit and ground layer, the vibration caused by collision and stick-slip between drilling string and borehole wall. Study shows that different motion status of drilling string, bit wear conditions and rock breaking types cause different characteristics of vibration signals. Therefore, to online monitor and analyze drilling string vibration time-frequency characters can identify working status of downhole tools and prevent premature failures and drilling accidents. Here based on investigating drilling string vibration signal measurement methods domestically and abroad, a drilling string triaxial vibration measuring device on ground was designed and used for field test. Field tests showed that drilling string unstable working conditions, drilling string stickings and bit faults can be recognized with online analysis of vibration signals; the severe vibrations caused by incorrect drilling parameters can be mitigated through changing weight on bit or rotating speed and the premature failures of drilling tools can be prevented.

关 键 词：钻柱振动 加速度计 振动监测 钻具损坏 

分 类 号：TE28[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]