规模化猪场废水与氮肥配施对小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响  

The Effects of Different Combinations of Large-scale Pig Farm Waste Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Formation

作　　者：黄丽芬[1] 高威[1] 朱正杰[1] 刘晓成 全晓艳[1] 徐杏[1] 王远玲[1] 陶晓婷[1] 庄恒扬[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]上海市上海农场种植业中心,江苏大丰224151

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2012年第36期165-170,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划"有机水稻生产技术集成创新与应用"(BE2010414);江苏省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目"不同氮素利用基因型水稻对氮代谢关键酶及相关基因的时空表达调控分析"(BK2009187);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助;江苏省高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师培养项目;上海农场科技发展项目"上海农场养猪场处理污水农田利用研究"(200804)

摘　　要：为了将富含植物营养的集约化养猪场废水应用于农业生产,实现种养结合与保护环境的双赢,研究养猪场废水农田利用技术,可为养猪场-农田种植循环农业模式的应用提供技术支撑。通过田间试验,采用小麦越冬期污水施用量30、60、90、120m3/hm2与穗期氮化肥施用量0、30、60、90kg/hm2组合处理,研究猪场废水与氮肥配施对小麦干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:拔节期干物质积累量随着废水施用量增加而增加,抽穗期以废水施用90m3/hm2与氮肥30kg/hm2的组合干物质积累量最高,成熟期以废水30m3/hm2与氮肥90kg/hm2及废水120m3/hm2与氮肥30kg/hm2组合干物质积累量较高。小麦产量以废水30m3/hm2与氮肥60kg/hm2、废水90m3/hm2与氮肥30kg/hm2或60kg/hm2、废水120m3/hm2与氮肥30kg/hm2组合较高。综合对农田较高废水承载量和减少化肥施用的目标,以越冬期施用废水90～120m3/hm2、穗肥施氮30kg/hm2为最优组合。养猪场废水施用有明显的肥效作用,与化肥合理配施可取得超过常规施肥的产量,并显著减少氮肥的施用量。In order to combine the wastewater of pig farm as a source of nutrient with cropping and realize the goal of environment protection, the results of this study could provide the scientific basis for efficient wheat production that supports large-scale pig farming. In this paper, by field experiment, different combinations of large-scale pig farm wastewater （30, 60, 90, 120 m3/hm2） in winter and nitrogen fertilizer （0, 30, 60, 90 kg/hm2） at heading stage were designed to test the influences of wheat dry matter accumulation and yield formation. The main research results were as follows： at elongation stage, the wheat dry matter accumulated with the amount of waste water increasing. At heading stage, dry matter accumulation achieved the highest under the combinationof 90 m3/hm2 wastewater with 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. At maturity stage, dry matter accumulation achieved the highest under the combination of 30 m3/hm2 wastewater with 90 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer and 120 m3/hm2wastewater with 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. The wheat yields were higher than others under these combinations： 30 m3/hm2 wastewater and 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer, 90 m3/hm2 wastewater and 30 kg/hm2 or 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer, 120 m3/hm2 wastewater and 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer. Considering the high farm wastewater bearing capacity and the target of fertilizer reduction, spreading 90 m3/hm2 to 120 m3/hm2 wastewater in winter and 30 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage was the optimal combination. In conclusion, the pig farm wastewater had efficient fertilizer function. When it was combined with reasonable amount of fertilizer, the yield could exceed conventional fertilizer production and the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer could also be cut down.

关 键 词：小麦 规模化猪场 废水 氮肥 干物质积累 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]