充足灌水条件下不同年代玉米品种干物质积累与分配规律的研究  

Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter under the Conditions of Saturated Irrigation in Maize Varieties Released in Different Eras

作　　者：修文雯[1] 陈传晓[1] 田晓东[1] 刘鑫[1] 张怡明[1] 李少昆[2] 张凤路[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [2]中国农业科学院作物所,北京100081

出　　处：《华北农学报》2012年第B12期176-181,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重大基础研究项目(2009CB118601);“十二五”国家粮食丰产科技工程河北省项目(2011BAD16B08);国家自然科学基金项目(31071362);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2008000257)

摘　　要：试验于2010-2011年在河北农业大学温室内进行。以我国20世纪50年代以来6个玉米主推品种-白鹤、吉单101、中单2号、掖单13、郑单958和先玉335为材料,在充足灌水条件下,研究了玉米品种更替过程中成熟期单株干物质积累与分配的演变特征。结果表明:当代紧凑型品种叶片功能期长,干物质积累总量较大;随品种年代的递进,玉米单株光合产物转移率逐渐提高、果穗干物量和分配比例逐渐增加;1950-1980年品种单株根系质量逐渐增大,但1980年后品种根系质量趋向于减小。相对较小的根系减少了冗余生长,降低了光合产物的消耗。与早期品种相比,当代品种具有较大的叶面积指数和较少的冗余消耗,因而收获指数提高。本研究对探明当代品种的增产机理和实现玉米生产的优质、高产、高效具有重要意义。Experiment was conducted in glasshouse in Agricultural University of Hebei during 2010-2011.The characters of dry matter accumulation and distribution of varieties from different eras were studied under saturated irrigation conditions,with 6 maize cultivars released from 1950s Baihe,Jidan 101,Zongdan 2,Yedan 13,Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335.The result showed that：Modern varieties had higher dry matter accumulation due to their late leaf senescence.With the replacement of varieties,translocation of photosynthate was increased and dry weight and allocation proportion of ear in maturing stage was also gradually increased.Root weight increased from 1950s to 1980s but decreased for modern maize varieties.Relative small root decreased the root redundancy and lowered the photosynthate consumption on roots.Compared with the early varieties the modern maize possess high LAI and lower redundancy waste so the high harvest index was reached,The study is of great importance in making clear the mechanism of the high yielding for modern maize and realizing good quality,high yield and high efficiency of maize production.

关 键 词：玉米 干物质积累与分配 不同年代品种 根冠比 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]