硅酸盐对小麦白粉病的防控效果及对子粒产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Silicates to Control Powdery Mildew and on Grain Yield and Quality in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：吴寅[1] 周宏美 贺德先[1] 王东勇[1] 高红云[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省夏邑县农技中心,河南夏邑476400

出　　处：《华北农学报》2012年第B12期377-381,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技创新人才计划项目(104200510013);河南省重大科技攻关项目(102101110200)

摘　　要：为寻求安全、简便的白粉病化学防治技术,2010-2011年度以周麦16号为材料,研究了硅酸盐对小麦白粉病的防控效果,以及对生育后期叶片光合性能、子粒产量及品质的影响。结果指出,生育后期喷施硅酸钾和硅酸钠均可有效防止白粉病发生,尤以前者的效果为佳。在2～10 g/L质量浓度条件下,喷施相对较低浓度的硅酸盐,生育后期旗叶叶绿素含量提高9.1%～28.6%,净光合速率提高12.3%～39.0%,产量增加8.6%～11.9%,穗粒数和千粒质量分别提高4.4%～5.8%和4.1%～5.8%,蛋白质含量提高1.5%～4.9%。研究表明,喷施硅酸盐可有效防控白粉病,生产实践中宜采用硅酸钾,其质量浓度以2～5 g/L为宜。In order to find the safe and simple chemical methods to conveniently control wheat powdery mildew,silicates of two kinds were selected to study their effects on controlling the disease and on late-growing-period leaf photosynthetic performance and grain yield and quality in 2010-2011 growing season with Zhoumai 16,a current widely-used wheat cultivar in the Huang-huai Plains,as the experimental material.The results showed that application either of sodium silicate or potassium silicate in late growing period effectively prohibited wheat powdery mildew from occurring,and that the controlling effect of sodium silicate was better than that of potassium silicate.When mass concentrations were 2-10 g/L,spraying silicates,potassium silicate in particular,of lower concentrations significantly increased flag leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate by 9.1%-28.6% and 12.3%-39.0%,respectively.Furthermore,spraying silicates increased grain yield,grains per spike,1000-grain weight,and grain protein content by 8.6%-11.9%,4.4%-5.8%,4.1%-5.8%,and 1.5%-4.9%,respectively.It is indicated that spraying silicates could effectively control wheat powdery mildew and that potassium silicate of 2-5 g/L be reasonable in the production practice.

关 键 词：小麦 白粉病 硅酸盐 旗叶光合性能 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]