花后叶面喷施氮肥和锌肥对小麦粒重及营养品质的影响  

Effects of Spraying Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizers after Flowering on Grain Weight and Nutritional Quality of Winter Wheat

作　　者：左毅[1] 马冬云[1] 王晨阳[1] 朱云集[1] 刘骏[1] 郭天财[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2013年第1期123-128,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(200903007);科技部973课题(2009CB118602);河南省重大攻关项目(102101110200)

摘　　要：为了解小麦花后叶面喷施氮、锌肥对粒重及营养品质的改善作用及品种间的响应差异,以黄淮麦区20个小麦品种为材料,分析了花后喷施氮肥或锌肥后小麦粒重、植酸含量、Fe、Zn、Mg元素含量及其生物有效性的变化。结果表明,花后喷锌、氮均可增加小麦千粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量,其中喷氮对籽粒蛋白质含量的提高效果大于锌肥。喷锌可使小麦籽粒植酸含量下降,其中品种955159降幅达27.95%;而喷氮对籽粒植酸含量影响较小。喷锌显著提高籽粒中Zn含量,平均增幅54.38%;喷氮则可以显著提高籽粒中Fe和Zn含量,平均增幅分别为36.88%和11.25%,但降低了籽粒中Mg含量。喷锌可提高籽粒Zn的生物有效性,而喷氮可提高籽粒Fe的生物有效性。说明在小麦生育后期合理喷施氮肥和锌肥可以同时提高粒重及矿质元素含量和有效性,从而改善籽粒营养品质。In order to understand the effect of spraying fertilizers after flowering on grain weight and nutritional quality of different winter wheat cultivars,twenty cultivars,widely used in Huang-huai wheat planting zone,were used to investigate their effects on thousand kernel weight（TKW）,phytic acid content（PAC）,contents of Fe,Zn and Mg by spraying zinc and nitrogen fertilizers after flowering.The results showed that TKW were increased by 1.33 and 1.43 g,respectively,after spraying zinc and nitrogen.There were 5% significant difference observed between the treatments and control.The protein content in grains was increased dramatically after fertilizer spraying,and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer was greater than zinc fertilizer.The PAC was decreased significantly after zinc treatment;meanwhile,the largest decrease was observed in cultivar ＂955159＂ by 27.95%.However,no significant difference was observed between the nitrogen treatment and control.Zn content in wheat grains were increased after spraying zinc fertilizer.But,no significant effect was observed on the contents of Fe and Mg.The contents of Fe and Zn were increased significantly after spraying nitrogen,and the average increase was shown by 36.88% and 11.25% respectively.However,the Mg content in grains was declined after spring nitrogen fertilizer.The bioavailability of zinc in grains was increased significantly after spring zinc fertilizer,and the bioavailability of iron was also increased greatly after spring nitrogen fertilizer.In conclusion,spraying nitrogen and zinc fertilizer after flowering properly could increase both grain weight and nutrition content.These results would provide useful information for improving wheat nutrition quality.

关 键 词：小麦 花后喷肥 氮肥 锌肥 粒重 营养元素 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318