3地区城乡居民常见传染病预防知识及传播渠道现状调查  

Status survey of common infectious disease prevention knowledge and communication channels among urban and rural residents in three areas

作　　者：柴燕[1] 胡安易[2] 李莉[1] 李雨波[1] 宁艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心(卫生部新闻宣传中心),北京100011 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2013年第1期8-11,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BAI76B02)

摘　　要：目的了解城乡居民常见传染病预防知识水平和相关传播渠道现状。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,对济宁市、银川市和大同市的943名城乡居民进行问卷调查。结果 95%以上的调查对象能够辨别中风、肿瘤、心脏病和高血压为非传染病,而艾滋病、乙肝、流感的传染病辨别率相对较低,分别为88.4%、77.8%和76.7%,感染性腹泻和狂犬病的传染病辨别率仅为29.8%和35.6%;城乡居民的常见传染病预防知识知晓率分别为37.2%和31.9%,低年龄组调查对象的常见传染病预防知识知晓率高于高年龄组(P<0.01),文化程度越高,知识知晓率越高(P<0.01);城市居民和农村居民认为最有效的传染病预防知识传播渠道均为人际传播活动(平均应答率分别为85.05%和87.64%);城乡居民经常看电视的时间段为晚上(61.9%)和中午(13.3%),常听广播的时间段为早晨(31.2%)和晚上(25.2%)。结论城乡居民的常见传染病预防知识水平较低,基本知识匮乏;老年人和低文化程度人群是常见传染病预防的重点人群,进行传染病预防宣传时应考虑城乡、性别和民族等人群特征因素;人际传播是最适合城乡居民的传染病预防知识传播渠道,大众传媒较适合城市居民,平面和实物宣传材料较适合农村居民。Objective To understand the prevention knowledge level and relative communication channels sta- tus. Methods Using multi-stage stratified systematic random sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 943 urban and rural residents in Jining, Yinchuan and Datong. Results More than 95% subjects could identify five diseases （ apoplexy, tumor, cardiopathy and hypertension） as non-infectious diseases, while the identification rates of infectious dis- eases such as AIDS, hepatitis B and flu were relatively lower, separately 88.4% , 77.8% and 76. 7%. Only 29. 8% and 35.6% subjects could identify infectious diarrhea and rabies as communicable diseases. The awareness rates of common in- fectious diseases prevention knowledge among urban and rural residents were 37.2% and 31.9%. Subjects of low age had higher awareness rates than those of high age （P 〈 0. 01 ）, and the higher culture level are, the higher awareness rate were （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Interpersonal communication （average response rates were 85.05% and 87.64% ） was regarded as the most ef- fective transmission channels among urban and rural people, while interpersonal communication and practical publicity mate- rials were regarded as the most effective transmission channels among rural people. 61.9% and 13.3% subjects loved to watch TV separately in the evening and noon. 31.2% and 25.2% subjects were used to listening to the radio respectively in the morning and evening. Conclusion The prevention knowledge level of common infectious diseases among the urban and rural residents were lower. The old people and low culture level were the key population of common infectious diseases pre- vention. Factors such as district, sex and nation should be concerned when the prevention publicity of infectious diseases were developing. Interpersonal communication was the best transmission channels for the public, mass communication fit for the urban people, practical publicity materials fit for the rural residents.

关 键 词：传染病 预防知识 传播渠道 大众传媒 现状调查 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]