钾肥用量对甜瓜生长发育、产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Potassium Rate on Growth,Yield and Quality of Rock Melon

作　　者：陆雪锦[1] 张炎[2,3] 胡国智[4] 李青军[2,3] 胡伟 冯炯鑫[4] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2012年第12期2286-2291,2298,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40961017);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-26-NO.15);国际植物营养研究所项目(NMBF-Xinjiang-2011)

摘　　要：【目的】研究甜瓜在膜下滴灌栽培条件下对甜瓜生长发育及产量品质的影响。【方法】田间小区试验,施钾量不同处理为:0、75、150、225 kg/hm^2。【结果】(1)随施钾量的增加,干物质积累快增期(△t)延长,施钾处理比不施钾处理延长了1～6d;施钾增加了甜瓜在△t时期内的干物质积累量,在快增期时施钾处理单株积累量比不施钾处理增加95.15～139.67 g;K_0、K_1、K_2、K_3各处理总干物质积累速率依次在播种后63、66、65、64 d达到最大值。(2)合理施用钾肥,有利于甜瓜茎粗增长,成熟期K_2处理比K_0、K_3处理的茎粗值分别高出3.49、3.17 mm,(3)施钾量在150kg/hm^2时,叶绿素含量、含糖量达到最大值。(4)施钾对甜瓜有明显的增产作用,施钾量在150 kg/hm^2时,甜瓜产量达到最大值31 223 kg/hm^2。【结论】在经一元二次方程模拟后得出钾肥最佳经济施用量为116 kg/hm^2。[ Objective ] Study of melon under mulch drip irrigation cultivation conditions on the growth and development of melon and on its yield and quality. [ Method ] Through field experiments, effects of different rates of potassium ： 0, 75, 150, 225 kg/hm2 on melon growth and development, yield and quality were studied under drip irrigation cultivation conditions. [ Result] The results showed that： （ 1 ） With increased potassimn amount, the fast growth period of dry matter accumulation （At） prolonged. It extended 1 -6 days with the K fertilizer treatments than that without K fertilizer treatments. The potassium increased dry matter accumulation in the At period; potassium in the fast growth period to deal with a single plant accumulation increased the weight by 95.15 - 139.67 g; the total dry matter accumulation rate with treatments of K0, K1, K2 and K3 reach maximum level 63,66, 65 and 64 d after sowing, respectively. （2） The rational application of potash fertilizer is conducive to the melon stem growth. The stem with K2 processing in maturation period is respectively 3.49 and 3.17 mm higher than those with K0 and K3 processing. （3） Chlorophyll content and sugar content reach their maximum with the amount 150 kg/hm2 of potassium. （4） Significant stimulation effect of potassium is found on the melon, and the yield reaches the maximum of 31 223 kg/hm2 with the amount of potassium in 150 kg/hm2. [ Conclusion]The optimum economic application rate of potassium is 116 kg/hm2 by the simulation of a quadratic equation.

关 键 词：钾肥 甜瓜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学] S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]