中国土地私有化辨析  

Analysis on the land privatization in China

作　　者：简新华[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济发展研究中心,武汉430072

出　　处：《当代经济研究》2013年第1期17-25,91+93,共9页Contemporary Economic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(09&ZD025)

摘　　要：在土地所有制问题上,一些人主张土地私有化。其理由如下:能够实现农民的愿望,保护农民的根本利益;优化土地资源配置,让农民富裕,从根本上解决"三农"问题;促进工业化和城镇化;消除土地管理和征地拆迁上的腐败,维护社会稳定;适应市场经济的要求,再造中国经济政治制度的产权基础。我们反对土地私有化的主要理由如下:历史证明,土地私有制不是万能的;可能严重损害农民利益;不能保证"耕者有其田";不可能使得大部分农民卖地致富;会使农民丧失最后一条保障线;不一定能消除土地抛荒,不利于规模经营和农田水利等基础设施建设;不能完全消除与土地有关的腐败现象;会提高工业化和城镇化的成本,有害于土地配置效率提高;可能导致城市贫民窟化;不能从根本上解决"三农"问题;不利于保障中国的粮食安全;不利于维持社会稳定和坚持社会主义方向。In terms of land ownership,some people prefer land privatization.The reasons are as follows:The farmer's wishes could be realized and their fundamental interest protected.The land recourses allocation could be prioritized,thus making the farmers better-off and solving the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers thoroughly.It also promotes the industrialization and urbanization,helps to eliminate corruption in land management,the farmland expropriation and home demolition cases so that the social stability could be maintained.It meets the requirements of the markets and recreates the base of property rights under China's economic and political system.While the reasons against it are as follows:History proves that it is not a cure-all therapy.It might seriously impair the interest of the farmers and couldn't guarantee 'land to the tiller'.It can't make most farmers richer simply by selling land and might make them lose the last security line.It might not be able to prevent land-deserting and hinders scale management and development of water conservancy infrastructure.Land-related corruption will still exist,cost of industrialization and urbanization will be increased,and efficiency of land resources allocation can't be achieved.It might also lead to the appearance of urban slums,and the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers can't be solved.It is not helpful for the food security in China,the social stability and the pursuit of a correct socialist direction.

关 键 词：土地私有化 中国农地制度 中国农业经营方式 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]