物权法自治性观念的变迁  

Evolution of the Conception of Autonomy of Real Right Law

作　　者：朱虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2013年第1期141-158,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：作者所承担的中国人民大学法学院重点标志性研究课题(2011年度)项目“德国十九世纪私法基础理论研究”的成果

摘　　要：物权法的自治性是德国民法体系的基础性观念。该内在观念渗透于外在体系以及一系列规则之中，例如物权法的独立、物权客体的有体物限定、物权法定原则、抽象所有权概念、物权行为和独立的物权保护请求权等。但物权法自治性的观念在实践中逐步被软化，而荷兰民法典和《欧洲民法典共同参考框架》的规则设计更是整体上放弃了该内在观念。这种观念变迁的社会动因是基本交易结构的形成和交易实质化之间的平衡，它要求物权法和债法之间存在多元化的关联以及相应的规则更新。物权法和债法以及物权和债权的绝对区隔被击破，但物权法作为私法体系的独立组成部分这一点仍可被维持。The autonomy of the real right law, which intends to the inapplicability of the rules of the obligation law in the real right law and the complete isolation of the real right law from the obligation law, is the fundamental conception of German civil law system. This internal conception derives from the distinction of the real right and the obligation right, and it has great influence on the external sys- tem and some supportive rules, such as the independence of real right law, the corporeal things as the object of the real right, the abstract ownership, the humerus clausus principle, the legal act of real right, and the independent claim of protecting the real right. But this conception and these rules have been alleviated gradually in the practical development of German law. And Dutch Civil Code and DC- FR have abandoned this conception as a whole and changed those supportive rules greatly. The social incentive of this change is the balance between the formation of fundamental transac- tional structure and the materialization of transaction. Based on the former, the numer~ clausus prin- ciple should be maintained, and the real right law cannot be fully liberalized. But if considering the latter, some agreements, if they are not related to the former, can be also effective to the third per- son. That is, the distinction of the obligation right and the real right is not so absolute, and there are multiple overlapping and crossing relations between the real right law and the obligation law. Autono- my of the real right law should be abandoned, but the real right law can still be maintained as an in- dependent part of the private law system. If we notice this tendency and the internal reasons, some debates, which occur in the real right law, such as the mode of protecting and transferring the real rights, can be given a new consideration under the new conception.

关 键 词：物权法 债法 自治性 独立性 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]