以半冬性甘蓝型油菜为亲本增强春性甘蓝型油菜杂种优势  

Enhancing the Heterosis of Spring Rapeseed Varieties (Brassica napus L.) by Using Semi-Winter Rapeseed Varieties as Parents

作　　者：姚艳梅[1] 柳海东[1] 徐亮[1] 杜德志[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省农林科学院春油菜研究所/国家油菜改良青海分中心/青海省高原作物种质资源创新与利用重点实验室培育基地,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第1期118-125,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A10404);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD35B04)资助

摘　　要：以春性恢复系与半冬性品种(系)杂交后选育的16份新春性恢复系及其4个亲本系[2个半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种(系)和2个春性甘蓝型恢复系]、2个春性甘蓝型不育系为材料,利用SSR、SRAP和AFLP分子标记技术分析材料间的遗传差异,同时利用以上2个春性不育系分别与12个新春性恢复系和1个春性亲本恢复系Ag-5进行NCII双列杂交,测定其杂种优势及杂种表现。16份新恢复系中除931和帐23外,其余的14份新恢复系与2个不育系的遗传距离均大于其春性亲本恢复系与相应不育系的遗传距离,说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能扩大春性恢复系与不育系间的遗传差异;配制的26个杂交组合中,其双亲中不育系所对应保持系单株产量为高亲值的组合有15个,其中13个组合单株产量超亲优势都强于所对应不育系与亲本恢复系Ag-5所配杂交组合,说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分可增强甘蓝型春油菜杂种优势;12个新恢复系分别与2个不育系所配24个组合中18个组合的单株产量都分别超过所对应不育系与亲本恢复系Ag-5所配杂交组合,说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能提高甘蓝型春油菜杂种的产量;新恢复系与2个不育系杂交后代的抗病性均强于其亲本恢复系与相应不育系杂交后代的抗病性,说明导入半冬性品种遗传成分能提高春性甘蓝型油菜杂交种抗菌核病的能力。研究结果表明,半冬性甘蓝型油菜品种可为春油菜杂交育种提供有价值的遗传资源。Several B. napus varieties （lines） including two semi-winter rapeseed varieties, two spring restorer lines, two spring male-sterile lines and 16 spring restorer lines （derived from the spring restorer lines and semi-winter rapeseed varieties） were ana- lyzed using SSR, SRAE and AFLE Twenty-six combinations were produced according to the North Carolina mating design （NCII） by hand-pollinating 12 new restorer lines and one parental restorer line （Ag-5） with two spring male-sterile lines. The hy- brid performance values were also determined. Among the 16 restorer lines, except for 931 and Zhang 23, the genetic distances were greater between the new restorer lines and two male-sterile lines than between the corresponding parental restorer line （Ag-5） and the two male-sterile lines, showing that introgressing semi-winter varieties into spring restorer lines could increase the genetic distance between spring restorer lines and spring male-sterile lines. The yield per plant for the maintainer lines of 15 combinations which corresponded to the sterile lines showed high-parent values in 26 combinations, and 13 combinations showed stronger high-parent heterosis of yield per plant compared to combinations produced by the corresponding male-sterile and parental re- storer lines （CMSLxAg-5）, suggesting that introgressing semi-winter varieties into spring restorer lines could enhance the hetero- sis of spring B. napus varieties. Eighteen hybrids among the 24 combinations showed higher yield per plant compared to the com- binations of CMSLxAg-5, indicating introgressing semi-winter varieties into spring restorer lines might improve the spring B. napus hybrids yield. The results also showed that introgressing semi-winter varieties into spring restorer lines could improve the resistance to Sclerotinia selerotiorum of spring B. napus hybrids. This study indicates that semi-winter B. napus rapeseed may be avaluable source of germplasm for spring hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：春性油菜 不育系 恢复系 分子标记 杂种优势 菌核病 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]