花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响  

Effect of High Temperature Stress on Physiological Characteristics of Anther and Pollen Traits of Rice at Flowering Stage

作　　者：张桂莲[1,2] 张顺堂[2] 肖浪涛[3] 武小金 肖应辉[2] 陈立云[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市龙岗区农业科技推广中心博士后创新基地,广东深圳518118 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学植物激素与生长发育湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《作物学报》2013年第1期177-183,共7页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900874;30971745);湖南省科技计划项目(2012RS4037);湖南省自然科学基金项目(11JJ3026);湖南省教育厅基金项目(YB2009B023)资助

摘　　要：为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00～17:00,37℃;17:00～次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00～17:00,30℃;17:00～次日8:00,25℃),研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996的4种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628的;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628的。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。To ascertain the mechanism affecting flower organ of rice by high temperature stress at flowering stage, we treated heat tolerant line 996 and heat-sensitive line 4628 with high temperature （8：00-17：00, 37℃; 17：00-8：00, 30℃） and optimal tempera- ture （8：00-17：00, 30℃; 17：00-8：00, 25℃） in the growth chambers. The antioxidant enzyme activities, membrane permeability and MDA content in anther and pollen characters of rice were studied. The results showed the superoxide dismutase （SOD）, cata- lase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbic acid-peroxidase （AsA-POD） activities in anther of rice increased obviously at early stage of high temperature stress, then decreased rapidly, and higher in heat tolerant line 996 than in line 4628, malonyldialdehyde （MDA） content and membrane permeability in heat-sensitive line 4628 were greater than those in heat tolerant line 996. The an- ther dehiscence coefficient, pollen germination rate and pollen grains number on the stigma significantly decreased, pollen diame- ter increased under high temperature stress. Anther dehiscence coefficient, pollen germination rate and pollen grains number on the stigma in heat tolerant line 996 were significantly higher than those in heat-sensitive line 4628 under high temperature stress. Under high temperature stress, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, better pollen grain pollination and germination character, as well as lower membrane permeability and MDA content of anther in rice could be the physiological basis of high temperature tolerance.

关 键 词：水稻 花期高温 花药 生理特性 花粉性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]