农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践——总体思路与“4R”治理技术  

Reduce-Retain-Reuse-Restore Technology for the Controlling the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Countryside in China：General Countermeasures and Technologies

作　　者：杨林章[1,2] 施卫明[2] 薛利红[1,2] 宋祥甫[3] 王慎强[2] 常志州[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院,南京210014 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]上海市农业科学院,上海201403

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(12)3046];国家水专项太湖项目(2012ZX07101-004,2008ZX07101-005)资助

摘　　要：在点源污染逐步得到控制后,农村面源污染问题日益突出,已成为目前水环境污染控制的重点和难点。本文系统总结归纳了农村面源污染的特征,提出了农村面源污染治理的总体思路及指导原则,总结提炼了农村面源污染治理的＂4R＂理论,即源头减量（Reduce）、过程阻断（Retain）、养分再利用（Reuse）和生态修复（Restore）,阐述了＂4R＂理论的具体技术组成以及相互间的关系。并结合＂十一五＂水专项,在直湖港小流域龙延村进行了＂4R＂理论的具体工程设计和应用。工程实践证明,＂4R＂理论指导下的龙延村面源污染综合防控示范工程达到了预期的设计目标,核心示范区TN入河量削减率为47.5%。支浜朱家浜水质明显改善,提升了1～2个等级,其中TN平均降幅达70.2%,NH4-N平均下降84.1%（由2.66～5.33mg·L-1降至0.29～1.28mg·L-1）,CODMn平均降幅55.7%（由9.60～15.6mg·L-1降至4.52～7.7mg·L-1）。After point pollution was effectively controlled,the non-point source pollution was more and more serious and became the focus of water environment pollution control.In this paper,the characteristics of non-point source pollution in countryside was summarized,and the guideline and principle of non-point pollution control was put forward.Then,the strategy for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution,Reduce-Retain-Reuse-Restore theory（4R theory） was proposed and its internal relationship and technology components was explained.Furthermore,under the support of national water control project,4R theory was applied at Longyan country,watersheds of Zhihugang River,Tai Lake region to control the non-point pollution.The practice of the engineers proved that comprehensive non-point pollution control demonstration project achieved the expected design goals,the TN load to river decreased about 47.5%.The water quality of branch Zhujiabang in Longyan country was improved obviously,and the concentration of TN decreased from 6.34～8.83 mg·L-1 to 1.13～3.78 mg·L-1,NH4-N decreased from 2.66～5.33 mg·L-1 to 0.29～1.28 mg·L-1,CODMn decreased from 9.60～15.6 mg·L-1 to 4.52～7.7 mg·L-1,respectively.

关 键 词：农村面源污染控制 源头减量-过程阻断-养分再利用-生态修复的4R理论 工程应用 水环境治理 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]