汉语和泰语辅音声母音长对比——兼谈泰语“塞擦音”性质问题  

Comparison of the Durations of Chinese and Thai Syllable-Initial Consonants with a Discussion on the Nature of Thai Affricates

作　　者：史静儿[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》2013年第1期85-92,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)

摘　　要：本文采用统一的标准测量了汉语21个和泰语18个辅音声母的音长,发现:(1)汉语辅音音长基本排序是:不送气塞音<浊音<不送气塞擦音<送气塞音<送气塞擦音<擦音,其中的一些例外包括:zh、ch的音长小于其他部位的塞擦音;r的音长大于其他的浊辅音;h、f的音长小于其他擦音。泰语辅音的音长基本排序是:不送气塞音<不送气塞擦音<浊音<送气塞音<送气塞擦音<擦音。(2)汉泰辅音音长的普遍特征有:送气音的音长大于不送气音,软腭塞音的音长大于双唇音和齿龈音,[f]、[h]的音长小于其他擦音。(3)汉泰的[p]、[t]、[k]、[l]、[th]、[ph]、[f]和[s]音长相近,而[n]、[m]、[]、[kh]和[h]音长有别。(4)泰语、辅音的发音方法是塞擦音。The durations of 21 Chinese and 18 Thai syllable-initial consonants have been measured under unified standards in this research. It has reached the following conclusions： 1） from the shor test to the longest, Chinese consonants can be arranged into the following sequence： unaspirated plosives〈voiced consonants〈unaspirated affricates〈aspirates plosives〈aspirated affricates fricatives. However, there are some exceptions to this sequence, that is, the ＂zh and ch＂ are shorter than affricates with other places of articulation, ＂r＂ is longer than other voiced consonants, ＂h and f＂ are shorter than other fricatives. Thai consonants can be arranged into the following： unaspirated plosives unaspirated affricates〈voiced consonants 〈aspirates plosives〈aspirated affricates 〈 fricatives; 2） Some common characteristics of Chinese and Thai consonants are that the aspirated is always longer than its unaspirated counterpart, velar stops are longer than bilabial and alveolar stops, and [f] and [hi are shorter than other fricatives; 3） Chinese and Thai phonemes [p], [t], [k], [l], [t^h], [p^h], [f] and [s] are similar in terms of their durations, but those of phonemes In], [m], [tc] [k^h] and [te^h] are different： 4） Thai consonants are affricates.

关 键 词：辅音 音长 汉泰对比 塞擦音 

分 类 号：H412[语言文字] H116