亚当·斯密的历史叙述与其人性科学  

On the Historical Narrative and the Science of Human Nature of Adam Smith’s

作　　者：张正萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2013年第1期53-63,159,共11页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：亚当·斯密提出人类历史分为四个时代，但并非“经济决定论”。斯密在其历史叙述中论证的不是他对生产方式的看法，而是对人性的认识。在他看来，人类有其固有的而非僵化的本性：交换倾向是人类经济活动的基础，而交换能力则是推动经济进程的动力；它们的最终依据是人类的同情共感，而人类的法律和治理则完全依靠同情共感。人类社会的秩序借助同情自发地形成，并在法律和治理的历史中演进。斯密著作中的历史叙述表明，他讲述的所有故事，最终都是其设计的人性科学体系的注脚。Adam Smith divided the human history into four eras,which is based on the awareness to the human nature but not to the mode of production.In his view,the nature of human being was original but not stagnant.The propensity of exchange was the foundation of economic activity of mankind,and the capacity of exchange was the driving force to advance the process of economic history.The laws and governance of human entirely relied on the principle of sympathy of mankind and was also the ultimate basis of social development.It meant that the orders of human society formed spontaneously depending on the principle of sympathy,and also was evolved in the history of laws and governance.The historical narrative writings in Smith's works showed that all the stories he told was finally just the footnotes of the system of human nature science he designed.

关 键 词：亚当·斯密 历史叙述 人性科学 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学]