从守门员扑点球动作的时间空间特征看足球运动员点球射门区域选择策略  

The Strategies of Selecting Shoot Area during Football Penalty Kick:Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Penalty Saving Action

作　　者：周培勇 吕中凡[2] 猪俣公宏 

机构地区：[1]中京大学大学院体育学研究科 [2]辽宁师范大学体育学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2013年第1期67-71,共5页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：为了解守门员扑点球动作的时间空间特征,使射手建立正确的射门区域选择策略,研究使用一种新方法,对近年来国际高水平足球比赛中出现的18个点球进行录像解析。其中,守门员向自己左侧和右侧出击的点球录像各9个。结果表明:守门员在射手脚触球前大约200ms开始出击。接近来球瞬间,身体处于球门的左(右)下半部,防守宽度从左球门柱内侧135cm到右球门柱内侧113cm(从射手的位置看)。出击时机不准和防守区域选择错误是守门员点球防守失败的主要原因。建议射手选择球门上半部和球门左(右)下角为射门区域。当选择前者时,射手要把注意力集中到射门动作的准确性上,而选择后者时,射门动作的准确和快速同等重要。The purpose of this study was to examine temporal and spatial characteristics of penalty saving. In this present study, we used a new method to analyze 18 penalty kick videos recorded from international football matches,of which,goalkeeper dive to each side （left and right） of the goal was 9. The results showed that the goalkeeper started to dive at 200 msec. before penalty taker＇s foot-ball contact, They po- sitioned themselves in the lower half of the goal when the ball flew over the goal line. The possible saving width was from 135cm inside of the left post to 113cm inside of the right post. There were two reasons for failure to save,one was error in dive timing,and another was mistake in selection of saving area. It is concluded that penalty taker should pay more attention to shoot accuracy when selecting the higher half of the goal as a shoot area, and pay attention to both shoot accuracy and speed when selecting the lower left （right） corner of the goal.

关 键 词：足球 点球 守门员 防守区域 时间空间特征 射手 射门区域 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]