基于碳税的政府与企业行为博弈模型研究  

A Game Model for Government and Enterprise Behaviour Based on a Carbon Tax

作　　者：李媛[1] 赵道致[1] 祝晓光 

机构地区：[1]天津大学管理与经济学部,天津300072 [2]河北省环境保护厅,石家庄050051

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第1期125-131,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:71072155)

摘　　要：在供应链低碳化过程中,考虑到政府拟采取征收碳税的方式对制造企业碳排放进行规制,构建了政府和企业的三阶段博弈模型。在模型中综合考虑了产品低碳度、消费者低碳偏好、碳税税率等因素,使模型更加接近现实从而减少预测误差。第一阶段为政府制定单位碳排放的征收税率,第二阶段为制造商确定最优减排率,第三阶段为制造商确定产品价格。研究表明,征收碳税对制造企业减排起到有效的激励作用,将碳税税率制定在不同水平,企业的减排效果发生很大的改变;碳税对企业的产品价格影响较小,伴随税率的变化价格波动较低。最后,进行了模型的应用分析,为低碳化供应链管理中政府及制造商的战略决策提供技术指导和数据支持。In the process of supply chain low-carbonization, a three-stage game model is con- structed between the government and enterprises by considering the carbon tax as one regulation mode. This model integrates factors such as low-carbon production, consumer low- carbon preferences and carbon rates. In the first stage, the govemment determines the carbon tax rate; in the second stage, manufacturers determine optimal emission reduction rates; and in the third stage, manufacturers determine prices of their own products. Our research shows that levying carbon tax plays an effective role in driving enterprises to reduce carbon emissions. In the proposed implementation phase, the government sets the carbon rate at 10 CNY/tCO2 and then increases it gradually over time to reach 50 CNY/tCO2. The rate of emission reduction will change from 4.11% to 20.65%. Under different carbon rates the performance of enterprises is changes. The higher the carbon tax, the faster the rate of emission reduction, but it has less impact on product pricing and general producers. Under the rapid development of a low-carbon economy, the Chinese government has signed the Kyoto Protocol and committed that Chinese unit GDP carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 will be reduced by 40%-50% of 2005 levels. In order to realize this goal, the proper carbon tax should be chosen by forecasting models. We also present an application analysis to test the effects of variation in different factors so as to provide technical guidance and data support for low-carbonization supply chain management.

关 键 词：供应链低碳化 碳税 碳减排率 低碳度 博弈模型 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]