抽穗期和乳熟期高温对水稻剑叶理化特性以及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of High Temperature on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Flag Leaves,Grain Yield and Quality of Rice in Heading and Milk Stage

作　　者：李健陵[1] 林育炯[1] 张晓艳[1] 杜尧东[1,2] 王华[2] 吴丽姬[1] 胡飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东省气候中心,广东广州510080

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2013年第1期109-113,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：中国气象局公益性行业(气象)科研专项(编号:GYHY200906021);中国气象局气候变化专项(编号:CCSF2011-25);华南农业大学农学院金穗创新计划(2009)

摘　　要：为了研究高温影响水稻剑叶的生理生化机制,给防御水稻高温危害提供参考,本研究以超级杂交稻组合天优998为材料,盆栽条件下用人工气候箱分别对处于抽穗期和乳熟期的水稻进行连续5d的高温处理,日最高气温分别为32℃、35℃、38℃、40℃和42℃,日较差为6℃,以自然条件下正常生长的水稻为对照。结果表明:经高温处理后水稻剑叶生理生化指标均发生了变化。随着日最高温度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量升高;丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对离子渗透率上升。水稻结实率和千粒重下降;精米率和整精米率下降,而垩白米率和垩白度增大。除可溶性糖之外,不同高温处理后抽穗期和乳熟期剑叶生理生化指标与水稻产量和品质相关性均较好。抽穗期和乳熟期剑叶受38℃影响后显著受损,日最高温度为35℃时产量和品质已显著下降。In order to investigate the mechanism of flag leaves responded to high temperature, and to provide suggestions for early rice copping with climate warming, the super hybrid rice Tianyou 998 were subjected to high temperature in heading and milk stage respectively （daily highest temperature 32℃, 35 ℃, 38℃, 40℃, and 42℃ with 6℃ differences a day for 5 days, natural condition as CK） in climate chambers with pot-cultured. The results showed that the physiological and biochemical indexes of flag leaves were changed after heating treatment. Both superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） enzyme activities decreased. However, the content of soluble protein, proline, malondialdehyde （MDA） and the relative electrolyte leakage increased as the daily highest temperature increased. The yield components, such as the seed setting rate and weight of 1000-grains declined. The milled rice percentage and head rice percentage was also seriously impacted. On the contrary, both chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree increased. The physiological and biochemical indexes of flag leaves correlated with yield and quality significantly, except the content of soluble sugar. Furthermore, the flag leaves could be affected seriously when the daily highest temperature was above 38 ℃ in heading and milk stage, but the yield and quality decreased when the daily highest temperature reached 35 ℃.

关 键 词：水稻 高温 剑叶理化特性 产量和品质 抽穗期 乳熟期 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] Q945.78[生物学—植物学]