川西亚高山典型森林生态系统截留水文效应  

Hydrologic regime of interception for typical forest ecosystem at subalpine of Western Sichuan,China

作　　者：孙向阳[1,2] 王根绪[1] 吴勇[3] 柳林安[1,2] 刘光生[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,成都610059

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第2期501-508,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40730634);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-309)

摘　　要：截留是水文循环的一个重要过程,水文功能是森林生态系统功能的重要方面,林冠和枯落物截留实现对大气降水的二次分配过程。为深入认识生态系统截留的水文效应,采用野外观测和人工降雨模拟试验相结合的方法,研究了2008年和2009年5—10月贡嘎山亚高山峨眉冷杉中龄林、峨眉冷杉成熟林和针阔混交林的冠层枯落物截留能力。结果表明,峨眉冷杉中龄林2008年林冠截留率为20.9%,针阔混交林2008年和2009年林冠截留率分别为23.0%和23.6%,林冠截留率的年际间变化不大,林冠截留主要受到降雨特征影响。3种林型枯落物饱和持水能力分别为5.1、5.1和5.7 mm,显著高于林冠的饱和持水能力,但由于冠层的截留蒸发速率较高,林冠截留蒸发仍是生态系统截留蒸发的主要组成部分。Interception loss is a key process for hydrological cycle.Hydrological function is one of the most important aspects of forest ecosystem function.Canopy and forest litter can enforce rainfall to be re-distributed spatially.Canopy interception is that proportion of rainfall stored and later evaporated from canopy during and after rainfall.Forest litter interception is the rainfall or throughfall stored and evaporated from forest litter directly.Canopy interception can account for 25%—50% of total precipitation in coniferous forests and 10%—35% in broadleaved forests respectively.It is influenced by canopy characteristics,forest age and climatic conditions and so on.Throughfall does not transfer to soil water or runoff completely because of forest litter interception,which can account for 20% of throughfall.The rainfall intercepted is useless for plant growth.However,rainfall is re-distributed by canopy and forest litter,which is significantly important for the balance of soil water. To obtain a thorough understanding of canopy and forest litter interception and their hydrological effects,in-situ experiment for canopy interception and rainfall simulation experiment for litter interception were conducted from May to October during 2008 and 2009.Middle-aged Abies fabri,mature Abies fabri,coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest were chosen for our study,which consist of the main forest types in subalpine Mountain Gongga.Large troughs,which were 305×24cm in size,were used to collect throughfall.Many researches indicated that large troughs can reduce observation errors.Forest litter interception was obtained by method of artificially simulated rainfall.The rainfall intensity was 0.35 mm/h.Forest litter interception was calculated as the difference between rainfall and water outflowed. The result showed that canopy interception was 20.9% for middle-aged Abies fabri during 2008,23.0% and 23.6% for mixed forest in 2008 and 2009,respectively.Canopy interception was almost invariable between years.Canopy interception was

关 键 词：贡嘎山 林冠截留 枯落物截留 水文效应 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]