坦克行驶训练时舱室内主要有害因素的测量与分析  

Measurement and analysis of main harmful factors in process of tank marching

作　　者：赵晓龙[1] 李代波[1] 孙磊[1] 王涛[2] 陶成玉 王洪飞 韩飞[1] 杨桓[1] 刘文斌[1] 崔志鸿[1] 刘晋祎[1] 曹佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学军事预防医学院毒理学研究所,重庆400038 [2]第三军医大学西南医院急救部,重庆400038 [3]解放军装甲兵学院教练团卫生队,安徽蚌埠233010 [4]解放军装甲兵学院门诊部,安徽蚌埠233010

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2013年第3期189-192,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

基　　金：全军医学科研"十一五"计划专项课题(06Z032)~~

摘　　要：目的了解我军某型坦克训练时舱室内的主要有害因素的特点和规律。方法选择3辆某型坦克在沙土起伏的路面上以20 km/h的速度行进60 min。实时监测坦克行驶过程中主要气体的浓度,如氧气(O2)、硫化氢(H2S)、一氧化碳(CO)、氰化氢(HCN)、氯气(Cl2)、二氧化碳(CO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)、氨气(NH3)、二氧化氮(NO2)、可燃性气体(以CH4表示)以及总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC);采集坦克行驶0、20、40、60 min 4个时间点时舱室内的空气样本,采用GC/MS对空气样本中挥发性有机气体进行定性和定量分析;实时监测坦克内粉尘浓度、噪声强度,检测不同状态下坦克舱室内的电磁辐射强度。结果坦克行驶时舱室内被检出CO2、NH3、NO2和TVOC,且其浓度随着坦克行驶时间的延长而显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。坦克行驶过程中4个时间点检测出的挥发性有机气体分别有122、122、155、154种,同时检出的气体有66种,主要为烷烃类及苯系物,其中苯系物的浓度随着坦克行驶时间的延长而增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。坦克行驶60 min时的甲苯浓度[(23.6±4.3)μg/m3]显著高于0 min[(11.1±2.0)μg/m3]的甲苯浓度(P<0.01);坦克行驶40[(28.1±14.3)μg/m3]、60 min[(31.7±2.1)μg/m3]时的乙苯浓度显著高0 min[(12.2±0.5)μg/m3]时的乙苯浓度(P<0.05)。粉尘的浓度随着训练时间的延长而增加,最高浓度达到194.28 mg/m3;坦克行驶20[(105.4±4.8)dB]、40[(104.9±5.6)dB]、60 min[(105.4±5.2)dB]的等效A声级噪声强度均显著高于原地发动未行驶时[(91.4±7.1)dB]的等效A声级噪声强度(P<0.05)。坦克内部各状态电磁辐射强度均较低,其中当通信设备和发动机全部打开时电磁辐射强度最大。结论我军某型主战坦克在行驶条件下舱室内存在着多种职业有害因素,其中有害气体、噪声及粉尘的污染较为严重,且主要有害气体及总粉尘的浓度随着坦克行驶时间的延长而增加,其联合作用可能影响坦克乘员�Objective To explore the characteristics of the main harmful during marching, and to provide scientific data for further protective studies. Methods factors in tank cabins Three tanks with the same conditions were subjected randomly and run at 20 km/h over 60 mix on sandy path. The concentrations of main gases in the cabin including oxygen （02 ）, hydrogen sulfide （H2S） , carbon monoxide （CO）, hydrocyanic acid （ HCN）, chlorine gas （ C12 ）, carbon dioxide （ COz ）, sulfur dioxide （ SO2 ）, ammonia （ NH3 ）, nitrogen dioxide （NO2 ）, combustible gas （represented by CH4 ） and total volatile organic compounds （TVOC） were monitored with Draeger X-am portable gas detectors during marching. Volatile organic gases （VOCs） were sampled with vacuum SUMMA cans at 0, 20, 40 and 60 mix during marching and measured qualitatively and quantitatively with GC/MS. The concentration of the dust, the level of noise and intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the tanks were monitored with LB-FC hand-held dust detector, TES 1352H sound level meter and TES-92 Electro Smog Meter, respectively. Results CO2, NH3, NO2 and TVOC were detected, and theconcentrations increased significantly along with the marching time （P 〈0. O1 ）. There were 122, 122, 155 and 154 kinds of VOCs at above 4 time points, respectively, and 66 kinds of VOCs had been detected at each time point, in which alkanes and benzenes were major constituents. The concentration of toluene at 60 min were significantly higher than that at 0 rain （23.6±4.3 vs 11.1 ±2.0 g/m3, P 〈0.01 ）, and the concentrations of ethyl benzene at 40 and 60 rain were significantly higher than that at 0 rain （28.1 ± 14.3 vs 12.2 ±0.5 g/m3 , P 〈 0.05 ; 31.7 ± 2.1 vs 12.2 ± 0.5 g/m3, P 〈 0.05 ）. Dust concentration increased along with the marching time and the peak concentration was 194.28 mg/m3. The intensities of noise at 20, 40 and 60 min were signifi- cantly higher than that at 0 rain （ 105.4 ± 4.8 vs 91.4 ± 7.1 dB, P 〈 0.05

关 键 词：坦克 有害气体 粉尘 噪声 电磁辐射 有害因素 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R821.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]