辽宁省甜瓜果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性初探  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Muskmelon Fruit Rot Pathogen in Liaoning Province

作　　者：刘志恒[1] 侯悦[1] 胡积祥[1] 滕晓菲[1] 黄欣阳[1] 王世维[1] 赵廷昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《园艺学报》2013年第1期89-97,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家西瓜甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS)项目

摘　　要：由丝核菌引起的甜瓜果腐病是辽宁省近年发生的新病害,在棚室甜瓜生产中发生渐趋严重。根据病原菌形态、致病性、菌丝融合群和 rDNA-ITS 序列分析,确定其病原菌为茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),AG-4 HGI 融合群。病原菌生物学特性测定结果表明,菌丝生长最适温度 28 ℃;最适 pH 6.0 ～ 8.0;供试 10 种培养基中,在甜瓜煎汁培养基中菌丝生长最快;供试 9 种碳源和 10 种氮源中,最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。菌核形成最适条件为温度 25 ℃,pH 7.0,理查培养基,黑暗条件;以山梨醇为碳源的 PA 培养基和以 KNO3为氮源的查氏培养基有利于菌核形成。对于病菌菌核萌发胡萝卜煎汁培养基最为适宜;供试 9 种碳源和 10 种氮源中,最适碳源为麦芽糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨;菌核萌发最适温度 28 ℃,最适 pH 5.0 ～ 8.0,黑暗条件利于菌核萌发;菌丝致死温度 50 ℃、10 min;菌核致死温度 53 ℃、10 min。Muskmelon fruit rot caused by Rhizoctonia sp. is a new disease first found in Liaoning Province in recent years. The disease appears more serious on greenhouse muskmelon. The casual agent was identified as AG-4 HGI of Rhizoctonia solani by the studies of the morphology，pathogenicity，anastomosis groups and ribosomal DNA-ITS. The biological characteristics of the results showed that the best mycelium growth was obtained at 28 ℃ and pH 6.0–8.0；The melon juice culture medium was most conducive to mycelium growth in the 10 tested media，The optimum one was soluble starch in the 9 tested carbon sources，the optimum nitrogen source was peptone. The effect of light on the mycelial growth was not evident. The ideal sclerotium generation was at 25 ℃，pH 7.0，in darkness and with Czapek culture medium. The beneficial carbon source for the formation of sclerotia was Sorbitol；The beneficial nitrogen source for the formation of sclerotia was KNO3. Sclerotium germination was well with carrot juice culture medium；In the 9 tested carbon sources and 10 tested nitrogen sources，sclerotium germination was in favor of malt sugar and peptone；The optimum temperature for sclerotium germination was 25 ℃；The optimum pH is 5.0–8.0；Dark conditions was benefit for sclerotium germination. The mycelial lethal temperature was at 50 ℃ for 10 min. The lethal temperature for sclerotium was at 53 ℃ for 10 min.

关 键 词：甜瓜 甜瓜果腐病 茄丝核菌 RDNA-ITS 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学]