畜禽废弃物的强制通风静态堆肥化处理及其生物学效应  被引量:14

Aerobiccally Static Composting of Livestock or Poultry Wastes and Its Biological Effects

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作  者:杨毓峰[1] 薛澄泽[2] 唐新保[2] 袁红旭[1] 

机构地区:[1]湛江海洋大学农业资源开发与环境保护教研室,广东湛江524088 [2]西北农业大学环保室,陕西杨凌712100

出  处:《农业环境保护》2000年第4期209-212,共4页Agro-Environmental Protection

摘  要:以畜禽饲养场排放的鸡粪、牛粪为底物 ,以玉米糠和玉米秸秆短节作调理剂和膨胀剂 ,研究了畜禽废弃物的强制通风静态堆肥化处理及其生物学效应。结果表明 ,在通气量为0.3m3/min、水分含量为550~650g/kg时 ,堆肥化过程中的氮素损失随起始堆料的C/N升高而降低 ,胡敏酸含量的增加幅度高于富里酸。腐熟堆肥的NH4─N含量小于0.4g/kg ,WSC含量小于6.5g/kg ,CEC大于110cmol/kg·OM ,E4/E6=6~7 ,腐殖化比率大于1.5,粪便中孳生的蛆和添加剂中玉米赤霉病菌的检出率为零 ,大肠杆菌群检出率低于风险标准。小区试验表明 ,腐熟堆肥能够显著提高萝卜、红小豆、玉米的产量和金菊的花朵数以及侧柏的高度。Manure from large city intensive livestock or poultry raising farms was characterized by its high water contents and low C/N ratios. After mixing suitable amounts of corn chaffs and stalks used as amendment and bulking agent, it was transformed into organic mature by composting in about five weeks in an aerated static pile reactor vessel. The trial indicated that on the conditions of 0.3 m3/min aeration rate and 550~650 g/kg water content, the nitrogen losses during the composting processes were decreased as the C/N ratios of the beginning materials was increased. And the increments of humic acid contents were greater than those of fulvic acid contents. After composting, the mature composts had little malodor, NH 4─N content < 0.4 g/kg,WSC content <6.5 g/kg,CEC>110 cmol/kg·OM, E4/E6=6~7,humification ratio >1.5. In addition, neither maggots in the raw manure and the corn stalk, nor rot pathogen Gibberella zeae in the corn additives were found, Colibacillus was less than the risk level. The spot tests indicated, the present composted manure could remarkedly increase the yields of radish, redbean, corn and flower number of chrysanthemum as well as the height of oriental arborvitae.

关 键 词:畜禽废弃物 强制通风静态堆肥法 堆肥 废物处理 

分 类 号:X713.05[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R124.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]

 

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