喜马拉雅山珠峰绒布冰川流域径流模拟  

Runoff Simulation of the Rongbuk Glacier Watershed around the Mt.Qomolangma,Central Himalaya,Using HYCYMODEL

作　　者：刘伟刚[1,2] 任贾文[2] 刘景时[3] 效存德[2,4] 秦翔[2] 张东启[2,4] 郭铌[1] 柳景峰[2] 张通[2] 刘晓尘[2] 崔晓庆[2] 丁明虎[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,100101 [4]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2012年第6期1449-1459,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411503);国家自然科学基金项目(41101073);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCS 2010-07);科研业务启动项目(KYS2010BSKY01)资助

摘　　要：基于2009年5-10月喜马拉雅山北坡珠峰绒布冰川流域实测水文气象数据、50m分辨率DEM和中国第一次冰川编目资料,在HYCYMODEL水文模型中加入冰川消融子模块,模拟了绒布冰川流域径流过程.冰川消融子模块以海拔5 180m基站的实测日气温、日降水作为模型输入,把气温、降水插值到该流域40个高程带中,分别计算各高程带的冰川消融和裸地蒸发,并考虑液态降水对冰面的加热作用.野外气象观测表明:2009年5-10月流域海拔5 180～5 750m内,月气温递减率在0.63～0.73℃.(100m)-1之间,均值为0.70℃.(100m)-1;同期降水观测显示,海拔5 180m以下降水梯度为-7.3mm.(100m)-1,该高度之上降水梯度为22mm.(100m)-1.HYCYMODEL水文模型的敏感性检验表明,该流域径流变化主要受气温影响,降水变化引起的径流变化较小,气温和降水变化对流域径流的影响是非线性的.Using a hydrological model named HYCYMODEL with a module for glacier ablation,the runoff of a debris-covered glacier watershed on the northern slopes of the Himalayas,China,was simulated successfully.The daily mean temperature and daily mean precipitation at the altitude of 5 180 m a.s.l.,obtained during the field work period from May to October,2009,were the input variables.Besides the above,DEM with a resolution of 50 m and the glacier data from the Glacier Inventory of China were also used.The whole watershed was divided into 40 belts every 50 meters using GIS technique,of which temperature and precipitation were extrapolated.Glacier ablation and evaporation at each belt were calculated based on temperature and precipitation.Monthly temperature lapse rate was calculated ranging from 0.63 ℃·（100m）^-1 to 0.73 ℃·（100m）^-1 with a mean value of 0.70 ℃·（100m）^-1.Precipitation observation from May to October in 2009 revealed that below the altitude of 5 180 m precipitation decreased with altitude with a gradient of-7.3 mm·（100m）^-1,and above the altitude of 5 180 m precipitation increased with altitude with a gradient of 22 mm·（100m）^-1.Sensitivity analysis revealed that variation of runoff as a whole was primarily influenced by air temperature and the effect of precipitation on the runoff variation was limited.Since the evaporation and heating effect of liquid precipitation on the glacier melting were taken account of,the runoff for the whole watershed responding to the changes of temperature and precipitation was nonlinearly.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅山 绒布冰川 水文模型 径流模拟 HYCYMODEL 

分 类 号：P334.7[天文地球—水文科学]