小麦秸秆覆盖量对烤烟生长及烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Wheat Straw Mulching Amount on Growth of Flue-cured Tobacco and Yield and Quality of Tobacco

作　　者：熊茜[1,2] 查永丽[3] 毛昆明[3] 刘彦中[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学烟草研究院,长沙410128 [2]云南红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司楚雄卷烟厂,云南楚雄675000 [3]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [4]云南农业大学烟草学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《作物研究》2012年第6期649-653,659,共6页Crop Research

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验,研究了不同小麦秸秆覆盖量对地烟和田烟农艺性状及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖对前期烟株生长作用不大,到后期覆盖量为500 kg/(667 m2)处理的烟株农艺性状显著优于其他处理,烟叶化学成分协调性较好、经济性状较佳,可提高上部烟叶总糖、还原糖的含量,降低中、上部烟叶氯的含量,提高中、上部烟叶的钾/氯比值,使中、上部烟叶的糖/碱比值较接近10,下部烟叶的氮/碱比值较接近1;地烟和田烟的烟叶产量、产值、均价、上等烟率和中上等烟率分别比无覆盖的对照高16.39%、31.81%、13.29%、37.72%、12.69%和15.75%、34.11%、15.88%、12.18%、8.80%。覆盖量为750 kg/(667 m2)的处理促进了下部烟烟叶品质的提高,使下部烟叶糖/碱比值较接近10。综合来看,覆盖量为500 kg/(667m2)的处理促进烟株生长、提高烟叶产质量的效果更明显。Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different mulching amount of wheat on agronomic charac- ters of tobacco plant and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Result showed that mulching with wheat straw had little effect on early growth of tobacco plant, while the agronomic characters in treatment with 500 kilogram mulching per 667 squarer meter were significantly higher than other treatments. The chemical constituents and economic traits of tobacco leaves in treatments with 500 kilogram mulching per 667 squarer meter reached the best, the content of total sugar and re- ducing sugar in the upper leaves increased, the content of chlorine and improved potassium lorine in the upper and middle leaves decreased, the ratios of sugar and nicotine nearly reached 10 in upper and middle leaves, the ratio of nitrogen and nicotine reached 1 in lower leaves, the yield ,output value, mean price, the first grade, the middle and first grade of to- bacco leaves in the upland and paddy were 16. 39% , 31.81%, 13.29,37. 72%, 12. 69% and 15.75%, 34. 11% , 15.88%, 12. 18% ,8.80% higher than those of the contrast respectively. The treatments with with750 kilogram mulching per 667 squarer meter promoted the quality of tobacco leaves in lower position, and the ratio of sugar and nicotine relative- ly reached 10 in lower leaves. Overall, the treatments with with 500 kilogram mulching per 667 squarer meter promoted the growth of tobacco leaves and raised significantly the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烤烟 栽培 秸秆覆盖 生长 产质量 

分 类 号：S572.05[农业科学—烟草工业]