低剂量电离辐射和适当干预措施对医务放射工作人员遗传物质影响的研究  

Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and appropriate interventions on nuclear medicine workers

作　　者：张旺东[1] 周琳艳[1] 王秋菊[1] 邵根阵[1] 李文艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学附属中山医院临床检验中心,福建厦门361004

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2012年第17期2075-2076,共2页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

摘　　要：目的研究低剂量电离辐射对医务放射工作人员遗传物质损伤及适当干预措施对遗传物质损伤修复的影响。方法采用微量全血培养法分别于2009年和2011年对放射诊断工作人员、放射治疗工作人员以及健康成人进行外周血淋巴细胞微核细胞率检测。对于2009年微核细胞率大于6‰的人员进行适当干预。结果 2009年,对照组、放射诊断组和放射治疗组的淋巴细胞微核细胞率分别是0.27‰、2.47‰和3.24‰。各放射组工作人员淋巴细胞微核细胞率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同放射工龄(<5年、5～15年、>15年)的人员淋巴细胞微核细胞率分别是1.43‰、2.80‰和4.58‰。不同工龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。淋巴细胞微核细胞率在不同性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微核细胞率大于6‰的放射工作人员经干预后,其2011年微核细胞率较2009年有所降低。结论低剂量电离辐射会造成医务放射工作人员遗传物质损伤,其损伤程度与放射工龄和工种相关,与性别无关,适当干预措施对减缓遗传物质损伤具有一定作用。Objective To research the damage on the genetic material of medical radiation workers by low doses of ionizing radi- ation and the influence of appropriate intervention measures on genetic material injury. Methods To detect the peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus cell rates of radiologists, radiographers and healthy adults respectively in 2009 and 2011 by micro whole blood culture method. The radiation workers with micronucleated cells rates over 6%o in 2009 were intervened appropriately. Results In 2009 ,the lymphocyte micronucleus cell rates in the control group,the ray diagnostic group and the ray treatment group were 0.27‰,2.47‰ and 3.24‰, respectively. There was significant difference among three groups（x^2 ： 74.65, P〈0.01）. The lympho- cyte micronucleus cell rates were 1.43‰,2.80‰ and 4.58%o in the radiation workers with seniorities of 5 years or above, 5 - 15 years, over 15 years, respectively. There was significant difference among them（x^2 = 113.45,P〈0.01）, Male and female radiation workers＇ lymphocyte micronucleus cell rates were respectively 2.73%0 and 3.15%0,with no significant difference between them（x^2 = 1.14,P）0.05）. The micronucleus cell rates of the radiation workers with lymphocyte micronucleus cell rate less than 6‰ were respectively 2.26%0 in 2009 and 2.93‰ in 2011, which was significantly different（x2 = 7.14, P〈0.01）. The micronucleus cell rates of the radiation workers whose lymphocyte micronucleus cell rates over 6‰ were respectively 8.50%o in 2009 and 6.12%0 in 2011, with no significant difference （x^2 = 3.11 ,P〉0.05）. Conclusion Low doses of ionizing radiation might induce the genetic damage. The degree of damage is related to the seniority and the classfication of radiation job, but not sex. Appropriate interventions is help- ful to reduce the genetic material damage.

关 键 词：辐射 电离 遗传 微核 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]