俄罗斯宏观经济地域空间格局的演变  

The Evolution of Russia’s Macro-economic Territorial Spatial Pattern

作　　者：冯春萍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育部战略研究基地"科技创新与发展战略研究中心" [2]华东师范大学教育部人文社科重点研究基地华东师范大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2012年第6期106-123,共18页Russian Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“俄罗斯社会经济空间结构的现状与变动趋势研究”(项目批准号:11JJDGJW002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：经济地域是商品经济发展的产物,是具有特定功能、结构和类型的有机体,并具有不同的特征和发展水平。经济地域之间存在着相互联系、相互作用的关系,由此构成了国民经济的统一经济空间。俄罗斯作为世界上横跨欧亚两大洲、面积最大的国家,区域发展千差万别,根据各地区不同的自然、社会、经济条件划分不同类型的经济区域,并依据发挥地区优势的原则合理开发和管理区域经济,是俄罗斯几个世纪以来的一贯做法,并形成了其本土化的特色。从经济地理的视角对俄罗斯境内客观存在的宏观经济地域的空间格局演变进行梳理,可以看到,基本经济区、经济地带和联邦区三大经济地域是俄罗斯组成统一经济空间的基本架构。通过对其形成背景、基本功能及其发展演变的分析,可以得出这样的看法:基本经济区作为苏联时期计划经济的产物,在历史上具有进步意义,但正走向式微;经济地带作为二战后崛起的国家最宏观的东西地带关系,西重东轻的格局在悄然发生变化;联邦区作为新世纪诞生的新生事物,也从成立之初以政治为重的基础上,拓展了经济功能。研究三大经济地域在构建俄统一经济空间中的不同作用,有助于我们深入地认识俄经济发展的基本地域特征,进而认识其经济全貌。Economic territories are the result of development in commodity economy. Economic territories have special functions, structures and types, as well as different characteristics and development levels. The interconnection and interaction between economic territories constructs a uniformed economic space for national economy. As the biggest country in the world situated across Asia and Europe, Russia has various regional development. For the past several centuries, Russia has formed its localized characteristics in dividing different types of economic territories according to its nature, society and economic conditions, as well as in rationally exploiting and managing regional economy in accordance with advantages in locality. By categorizing macro-economic territories that exist in Russia from a perspective of economic geography, this article raises an idea that the three big economic territories - basic economic regions, economic belts and federal districts - form the basic structure of Russia＇s single economic space. By analysing its background, basic functions and development evolution, the author draws a conclusion that basic economic regions as the result of Soviet Union planned economy has its historical positive meaning but is going outdated gradually; economic belts as the macro east-west regional relation of this grown-up country after WWlI are changing quietly to be more focused on the west than the east; federal districts as a new creation in the new century expanded to economic function based on political orientation. Then this paper elaborates different roles of each region under the structure of national uniformed economic. The analysis attempts to help us better understand Russia＇s basic territorial characteristics of its economic development and then have a clearer overview.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 经济地域 空间格局 基本经济区 经济地带 联邦区 

分 类 号：F119.9[经济管理—国际贸易]