自然状态的双重含义——《政府论上篇》疏解  

Two Meanings of the State of Nature——A Commentary on the First one of Two Treatises of Government

作　　者：陆建松[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院政治学博士后流动站

出　　处：《政治思想史》2012年第4期72-87,197,共16页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：随着洛克研究的深入展开,曾经备受冷落的《政府论上篇》开始受到学者们的重视。《政府论上篇》不仅不是无足轻重的批判性论述,而且这部文献的整体结构体现了洛克对自然状态的深刻洞见;自然状态具有两种含义——个人之间的自然状态和国家之间的自然状态。这一洞见为解读《政府论下篇》提供了恰当的线索。洛克在残留的《上篇》中更多地致力于阐述个人之间的自然状态。《下篇》偏重于自由义,《上篇》则偏重于平等义,两者相辅相成,不可割裂。在此意义上,《上篇》的研究是完整理解洛克政治哲学的必然要求。Along with the further development of Locke studies,Scholars begin to pay more attention to the First one of Two Treatises of Government which was once neglected.We will demonstrate that the First Treatise not only is not an insignificant critical exposition,but also contains very important ideological content.The whole structure of this text shows Locke's profound insights into the state of nature.There are two meanings of the state of nature,the state of nature among individuals and the state of nature among the states.This points out a clue for interpreting the Second Treatise.Locke makes more efforts to explain the state of nature among individuals in the First Treatise.The Second Treatise emphasizes freedom,while the First Treatise emphasizes equality,and they exist side by side and play a part together.In this sense,the study of the First Treatise is an inevitable requirement for understanding Locke's political philosophy completely.

关 键 词：《政府论》 自然状态 平等 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]