试析论证研究中语境及社会性因素的介入——从语用论辩术的理论视角看  

An Analysis of the Incorporation of Contextual and Social Factors in Argumentation Study:From the Perspective of Pragma-dialectics

作　　者：陈彦瑾[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所 [2]阿姆斯特丹大学言语交际,论证理论与修辞学系

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2012年第4期61-76,共16页Studies in Logic

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学2010年度重大攻关项目(10JZD0006);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2010年度重大项目(10JJD720009);国家社科基金2011年度青年项目(11CZX044)成果

摘　　要：由于逻辑进路下的论证研究在还原形式论证的过程中会忽略掉主体性、社会文化性、目的性和语境依赖性等重要特征,从而无法全面描述并恰当评价作为一种社会活动的论证。为解决这一问题,本文尝试从语用论辩术的理论视角出发,分析如何将语境及社会性因素纳入论证研究。首先,说明该视角下的论证分析是一种关注于语言使用的功能分析;其次,对作为社会性因素的用法惯例展开讨论;继而,分析语境因素如何介入讨论规则;最后,阐释如何将不确定的微观语境因素和确定的宏观语境因素纳入论证的重构、分析与评价之中。With the perspective of traditional logic approaches for argumentation study, some important characters such as agency, socio-cultural nature, purposefulness and context- dependency may be ignored in the process of form-reducing. And consequently, the ar- gumentation as one kind of social activities can not be either comprehensively described or properly evaluated. In order to solve the very problems, this paper makes a tentative attempt to analyze how the contextual and social factors could be incorporated into the argumentation study with the theory of pragma-dialectics. To start with, on concerning the usage of language, I shall clarify that the argumentation analysis should be regarded as a functional analysis （with the approach ofpragma-dialectics）. Secondly, I shall make a further discussion on the conventions of usage （which are deemed as social elements）. In addition, the manners of including the contextual factors into the discussion rules will be shown up as well. Finally, I shall illustrate how both the ingredients of indeterminate micro-context and the determined macro-context could be incorporated into the recon-struction, analysis and evaluation.

关 键 词：论证 言语行为 语用功能 惯例 规则 语境 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]