奥巴马连任的原因及其第二任期面临的挑战  

Reasons for Obama's Re-election and Challenges in his Second Term

作　　者：周琪[1] 齐皓[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2012年第4期7-29,3,共23页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：在2012年美国大选中,在任总统奥巴马以较大优势获得连任。经济和就业状况的好转、绝大部分少数族裔的支持,以及中、低家庭收入的选民对奥巴马的好感,是奥巴马赢得大选的主要原因。然而,奥巴马仍然面临国内政治极化严重和两党在国会中难以妥协的局面,这将使他完成其第一任期遗留下来的国内政策目标方面遇到重重阻力,包括实施医保改革法;在推动气候变化和清洁能源政策方面取得进展;同国会合作制定新的移民法。在外交政策方面,奥巴马政府将继续推进"战略再平衡",但是将遇到两个问题,一是必须在加强与传统盟国的关系和同中国发展合作关系之间进行平衡;二是中东的严峻局势可能对其战略调整构成牵制。In the 2012 American presidential election, the incumbent President Barack Obama was re-elected by a large margin. Main factors for Obama's victory include the improvement of the economy and employment, support by the majority of ethnic minorities, and greater favorability of the mid-low income group. Nevertheless, in his second term,at home, a gravely polarized society and the persistent wrangling between the two parties in Congress would block Obama's efforts to fulfill his following policy objectives: to put the medical care reform act into practice, to develop clean energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and to push a new immigration law by working with the Congress. Abroad, the Obama administration has shown the intention to continue the strategy of 'rebalancing' towards the Asia-Pacific. However, the Obama administration would be confronted with two problems. One is to maintain a balance between strengthening the ties with its traditional Asian allies and developing cooperative relations with China. The other is that the serious and complicating situation in the Middle East may hold back his strategic adjustment.

关 键 词：美国政治 总统大选2012奥巴马 国内政策 外交政策 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]