美国2012年大选与中美关系  

The 2012 U.S. Presidential Election and Sino-US Relations

作　　者：张业亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学中美关系研究中心高级研究员

出　　处：《美国研究》2012年第4期46-67,4,共22页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：在美国2012年大选中,有关中国及美国对华政策的争论引人注目。与冷战结束后前几次大选中的中国议题侧重政治和安全问题不同,本次大选的中国议题聚焦于经贸问题并与美国国内经济状况相联系,且中国议题自始至终贯穿于总统竞选全程。在人民币汇率、贸易、知识产权和中国对美债权等问题上敲打中国,以及如何应对来自中国的经济上的竞争,是本次大选中国议题的两大主题。中国成为本次美国大选的议题之一,是选举政治的驱动和美国民众在严峻的经济和就业形势下对自身生活状况的担忧所致。更重要的内在原因是,如何应对中国崛起及其对美国全球主导地位的挑战,已成为下一任总统不得不考虑的重大对外政策问题。这从一个侧面反映了如下事实:近十年来中国的迅速发展使中美实力差距缩小,从而导致双边关系发生了结构性的变化,经济已成为中美战略竞争最为激烈的领域。The issue of China and U.S. policy toward China remained a hot topic throughout the 2012 American presidential election. Contrary to political and security issues in the preceding elections after the Cold War, the China issue in this election centered on economic and trade issues that are related with American domestic economic problems. Bashing China on such issues as the renminbi exchange rate, trade practice, intellectual property rights, and China's holdings of U. S. Treasury securities, as well as how to cope with China's economic competition were two recurring themes when the presidential candidates mentioned China in the campaign trail. Apart from campaign interests and American public anxiety over their living conditions under the sluggish economy and job situation, how to deal with a rising China and its challenges to U.S. global supremacy, which is one of the key foreign policy issues the next U.S. president has to address, was the inherent and more important factor that made China a campaign issue. This reflects, in a sense, the structural changes of U.S.-China relations caused by the rise of China and the narrowing of the power gap between the two countries. Economy will become the most intensive area in Sino-U.S. strategic competition.

关 键 词：美国政治 2012年大选 中国议题 中美关系 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] D822.371.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]