中国职业体育制度改革的动力与路径  

The Dynamics and Route of China Professional Sports Transformation Based on China Soccer From Organization New Institutionalism Perspective

作　　者：于永慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学体育科学学院

出　　处：《体育与科学》2013年第1期42-45,33,共5页Sports & Science

摘　　要：本研究目的是运用经济社会学的组织新制度主义学派分析中国足球职业化的起源、演变和面临的突出问题,探讨可能的职业体育制度改革的动力和路径。方法论上"结构与行动"相结合,具体以文献资料法为主,对足球的相关史料以及前人研究成果进行归纳总结,并从足球案例演绎到中国职业体育改革的路径。主要发现:一是组织新制度主义学派关于足球职业化的起源和演变都具有良好的解释力。中国特定的政治经济条件之下,足球职业化的起源与演变是在面临中国大环境行业组织改革的强制趋同性所致,足球联赛的制度安排既有国际职业体育组织的模仿趋同,也符合球迷和民众观赏需求或认可的社会合法性使然。但是,由于职业体育行业特定的社会网络锁定和行动主体缺乏"职业认知",使得足球的职业化改革举步维艰。二是中国足球案例,乃至中国职业体育的特殊性(行业内的社会网络)给组织的新制度主义学派带来可能的理论创新,即中观视角的组织分析必须把组织放置在具体的社会网络情景中。三是中国职业体育改革的动力既有上层政府的重视,又有下层社会结构变迁的动力,即中产阶级的崛起所形成的潜在消费市场势必成为未来职业体育投资者的关注点。提出中国职业体育改革的路径,即全方位构建"职业体育认知"、多渠道支持"城市体育竞争"、宽领域塑造"市场竞争对手"。The object of this paper is analysis china soccer＇ s origin, evolve and reality problems from organization new institutionalism of economy sociology. It will explore the possible dynam- ics and development route. Methodology will focus on the combination between structure and a- gent. On summarizing the relevant historical data as well as the results of previous studies and in- terpreting the Chinese professional sports transform route from football case. Findings are fol- lowing. First, organization new institutionalism has a good explanation about the origin and evo- lution of professional soccer. Under specific political and economic conditions, Chinese soccer professional transformation is coercive isomorphism when facing to industry organization reform＇ s surrounding. Under the international professional sports organizations, Chinese soccer has to be mimetic isomorphism. Besides, it also has to obey the social legitimacy in order to meet the fans and demand for public. However, due to the professional sports have the specific social network lock in and the actors have no more professional cognitive. Chinese soccer reforms face to many difficulties. Second, Chinese soccer case could be promote the organization new institutionalism theory innovation because of it have to put on the specific concrete social network background. Third, the dynamics of China professional sports transform will come from social structure change of middle class is rising that company will pay more attention to their latent consume capa- bility as well as the upper government pressure. Based on these findings, the paper explores the routes of China professional sports transform. Building the Professional Sports cognitive, promoting the city competition and shaping multi--channel market competitors is very important.

关 键 词：中国职业体育改革 动力和路径 足球案例 组织的新制度主义 

分 类 号：G80[文化科学—运动人体科学]