设施菜地长期施肥对土壤线虫群落结构和多样性的影响  

Impacts of Long-term Fertilizer Application on Soil Nematode Diversity in a Greenhouse Vegetable System

作　　者：娄翼来[1,2] 李慧[1] 姜勇[2] 李琪[2] 梁成华[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《土壤通报》2013年第1期106-109,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41201288);中国博士后科学基金(2012M510626)资助

摘　　要：基于设施菜田肥料定位试验地,研究了长期施用化肥对土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的影响,为设施蔬菜的合理施肥和可持续生产提供理论依据。研究期间,共鉴定土壤线虫38个属,其中假海矛属(Pseudhalenchus)、短体属(Pratylenchus)和真滑刃属(Aphelenchus)为优势属。长期施用化肥显著增加各研究土层的线虫总数,并改变线虫的群落结构。长期施化肥对0～10 cm土层线虫各生态指数的影响不显著。在10～20 cm和20～40 cm土层,长期施用化肥显著提高食真菌与食细菌线虫比例(F/B)而降低线虫通路比值(NCR),表明其促进以食真菌为主的腐屑食物网分解通道;其显著提高优势度指数(λ)而降低香农指数(H)'、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(SR),表明长期施用化肥导致土壤线虫多样性降低。土壤线虫可以作为评价施肥对土壤质量影响的生物指标。Impact of chemical fertilizer on soil nematode community composition and diversity was monitored in a long-term field experiment under greenhouse condition. During the study, thirty eight genera were identified, of which Pseudhalenchus, Pratylenchus and Aphelenchus were dominant genera. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the number of total nematodes and changed nematode trophic structure in each study depths. Nematode ecological indexes in 0 - 10 cm depth did not significantly respond to the long-term fertilization. In depths of 10 - 20 cm and 20 -40 cm, the long-term fertilization significantly elevated fungivores to bacterivores ratio （F/B） while decreased nematode channel index （NCR）, indicating the more fungal-pathway dominated in decomposition pathway. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizer significantly enhanced the values of dominance index （A） while decreased those of evenness index （J）, Shannon-Weiner diversity index （H＇） and richness index （SR）, indicated the reduced diversity of soil nematodes, in depths of 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm. Nematodes could be used as bioindicators for assessing soil quality change under chemical fertilization.

关 键 词：土壤线虫 群落结构 生物多样性 施肥 设施蔬菜 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]