现代汉语“是”字的功能研究  

The Chinese Character“Shi”:A Functional Approach

作　　者：何伟[1] 滑雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083

出　　处：《外语学刊》2013年第1期51-59,共9页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"汉英时间系统体现方式之系统功能语言学视角对比研究"(11BYY007);中央高校基本科研业务费项目"基于加的夫语法的职能构图及数据储存模式研究"(FRF-SD-12-024A)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文从系统功能语言学内的加的夫语法视角对现代汉语中的"是"字进行探讨,目的在于明确"是"字在不同情况下表达的各种意义,并对"是"字的句法功能进行界定。本文遵循"形式体现意义,意义为中心"的语言描述原则,提出"是"字在表达判断、存在、所有、确认意义时说明小句层次上的主要动词成分;在表达极性强调时说明操作词成分;出现在固定习语中时说明主要动词延长成分,与"的"字成对出现时说明语气助词成分。同时,文章也提出"是"字用作形容词时说明性质词组中的中心词,用作代词时说明名词词组中的中心词。此外,依据意义和句法功能,文章将含有"是"的句子分为4种基本句型。This paper, from the perspective of the Cardiff Grammar-one model of Systemic Functional Linguistics, investigates the Chi- nese character ＂shi＂. It aims to achieve two purposes： one is to define the various meanings of ＂shi＂ involved in different cases, and the other is to describe the corresponding syntactic functions. Observing the functional describing principle of ＂form realizing meaning and meaning being primary＂, the paper proposes that ＂shi＂ expounds the Main Verb element in the clause when it ex- presses judgment, existence, possession or confirmation, that ＂shi＂ expounds the Operator when it emphasizes polarity, that ＂shi＂ expounds the Main Verb Extension when it is used in idiomatic expressions, and that ＂shi＂ expounds the Mood Particle when it collocates with the character ＂de＂. Meanwhile, it is held in the paper that ＂shi＂ expounds the apex of quality groups when it is used as an adjective, and that ＂shi＂ expounds the head of nominal groups when it is used as a pronoun. What is more,based on the functional discussion of ＂shi＂, the paper identifies four clause patterns involving the character.

关 键 词：加的夫语法 “是”字 意义 句法功能 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]