不同工作环境人群PM2.5暴露水平与肺功能的研究  

Relationship between PM2.5 exposure and pulmonary function in different working environments

作　　者：徐建军[1] 张志红[1] 耿红[2] 邱勇[1] 童国强[1] 韩建彪[1] 赵莹[1] 刘杰静[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室,山西太原030001 [2]山西大学环境科学与工程研究中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2013年第1期1-4,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81072261;21177078);2009年度山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人支持项目

摘　　要：目的评价太原市交通警察和疾病预防控制中心(CDC)人员工作环境PM2.5暴露水平,探讨工作环境PM2.5暴露与人群肺功能的关系。方法选用外勤交通警察(暴露组)、CDC人员(对照组)为研究对象,应用环境检测和时间-活动日记相结合的方法连续采样1周,计算研究对象工作时间内PM2.5暴露剂量和潜在暴露剂量。同时对研究对象进行问卷调查,于环境PM2.5检测1周结束后检测肺功能。结果交通警察工作交通路口的PM2.5浓度([0.132±0.049)mg/m3]高于CDC办公室内PM2.5浓度([0.100±0.044)mg/m3],交通警察8 h工作时间内的暴露剂量、潜在暴露剂量分别为(1.060±0.23)mg和(1.690±0.37)mg,均高于CDC人员[均为(0.798±0.19)mg];男性交通警察最大呼气流量(PEF)和第1秒钟用力呼气量/用力肺活量(FEV1.0/FVC)分别为(4.70±0.28)L/s和0.82±0.03,低于男性CDC人员[PEF和FEV1.0/FVC分别为(6.53±0.41)L/s和0.92±0.02];上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论交通警察的PM2.5暴露剂量和潜在暴露剂量均高于CDC人员,男性交通警察的肺功能下降可能与长期暴露于机动车尾气有关。Objective To assess the exposure level of PM2.5 in traffic polices and staffs of Center for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）, Shanxi and to know the relationship between PM2.5 exposure in work environment and pulmonary function. Methods Traffic polices were selected as the exposed group and CDC staffs as the control group, PM2.5 exposure doses and potential exposure doses of research objects were calculated by combining the environment PM2.5 data and the time-activity records of each person. At the same time, the research objects were surveyed by the questionnaire and were detected for pulmonary function after one week of environmental monitoring. Results The average concentration of PM2.5 around the traffic junction monitoring sites [（0.132±0.049） mg/m3] were significantly higher than those in CDC office [（0.100±0.044） mg/m3] （P〈O.05）, the PM2.5 exposure dose and the potential exposure dose of the traffic polices [（1.060±0.23） mg, （1.690±0.37）mg] were higher than those of CDC staffs[（0.798±0.19） mg, （0.798±0.19） mg] （P〈0.05）. Exhaled flow （PEF） and FEV1.0/FVC of male traffic polices were （4.70±0.28） L/s and 0.82±0.03, which were significantly lower than that in male CDC staffs [（6.53± 0.41） L/s, 0.92±0.02] （P〈0.01）. Conclusion PM2.5 exposure dose and the potential exposure dose of traffic polices are higher compared with CDC staffs, the weakened pulmonary function in traffic polices may be related to the long-term exposure to motor vehicle exhaust.

关 键 词：PM2 5 暴露剂量 潜在暴露剂量 个体暴露 肺功能 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R181.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]