一种N-酰基氨基酸表面活性剂的合成研究  

Synthesis of N-acyl amino acid surfactant

作　　者：陆丹丹[1] 叶志文[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《日用化学工业》2013年第1期34-37,共4页China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics

摘　　要：以4-溴丁酸乙酯和对特辛基苯酚为原料进行Williamson反应,然后进行酯的水解、酸化制备羧酸,再用制得的羧酸和二氯亚砜反应制备酰氯,最后与甘氨酸钾通过Schotten-Baumann缩合反应来制备N-酰基氨基酸表面活性剂。通过红外光谱和质谱等对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征。对Williamson反应、酰化反应及Schotten-Baumann缩合反应的工艺条件进行了优化,得出各步反应的较优条件。醚化反应:反应时间5 h,n(对特辛基苯酚)∶n(4-溴丁酸乙酯)=1∶1.4,反应温度78℃左右,以DMF为溶剂;酰化反应:二氯亚砜作为酰化试剂;Schotten-Baumann缩合反应:反应时间5 h,n(甘氨酸)∶n(酰氯)=2∶1,反应温度0℃左右,pH=9～10。在此条件下,N-酰基氨基酸表面活性剂的收率为68%。Williamson synthesis was carried out by using 4 - bromo - ethyl butyrate and p - tert - octylphenol as starting materials. Then the ester formed was hydrolyzed and acidified to get a earboxylie acid and the latter was reacted with thionyl chloride to form an acyl chloride. Finally, the acyl chloride was reacted with potassium glycinate via Schotten - Baumann condensation to get the product N - acyl amino acid surfaetant. Structure of the product was characterized by IR and MS. Conditions for Williamson synthesis reaction, acylation and Sehotten- Baumann condensation were optimized via a series of experiments. The optional conditions of the Williamson synthesis reaction were identified as ： using DMF as solvent ; mole ratio, n（p - tert - octylphenol） ： n （4 - bromo - ethyl butyrate） = 1 ： 1.4 ; reaction temperature,78 ℃ for 5 h. Thionyl chloride was identified as the optional aeylating agent. Optional conditions for the Schotten - Baumann condensation were identified as： pH = 9 - 10 ; mole ratio, n （ amino acids） ： n （ acyl chloride） = 2：1 ; reaction temperature, 0 ℃for 5 h. Yield of the product achieves 68% under the above mentioned conditions.

关 键 词：表面活性剂 N-酰基氨基酸 Williamson反应 酰化反应 Schotten—Baumann反应 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]