莱州湾大型底栖动物功能群现状  

Macrobenthic functional groups in Laizhou Bay,East China

作　　者：李少文[1] 刘元进[2,3] 李凡[1] 张莹[1] 徐宗法[1] 吕振波[1] 王田田[3] 张爱波[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋水产研究所,山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [2]东平县水产局,山东泰安271500 [3]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海200000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第2期380-388,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家海洋局公益性行业专项(200905019);水生动物营养与饲料"泰山学者"岗位基金项目资助

摘　　要：2011年对莱州湾20个站位进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查,运用功能群为基础的研究方法,研究了莱州湾大型底栖动物的功能群组成及多样性。结果表明:2011年共发现177种大型底栖动物,以环节动物、软体动物和节肢动物为主,各功能群所含种类占全部种类的百分比依次为C>D>Pl>O>Ph,栖息密度百分比依次是Pl>D>C>O>Ph,生物量百分比依次是Pl>C>D>O>Ph;通过聚类分析可将20个站位分为3组;各功能群的种类数、栖息密度和生物量在季节变化上均无显著差异,各功能群的丰富度指数(d)依次是C>D>Pl>O(Ph功能群除外),季节间差异显著(P<0.05),均匀度指数(J')依次是C>D>O>Pl,季节间差异不显著,多样性指数(H')依次是C>D>Pl>O,季节间差异不显著;种类多样性和功能群多样性呈显著线性正相关;ABC曲线显示,大型底栖动物群落受到了不同程度的扰动;大型底栖动物群落与其食物来源共有4个营养级,大型底栖动物功能群占第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ营养级,各营养级之间构成了一张复杂的食物网。A four-cruise investigation was conducted on the maerobenthos at 20 sampling loca- tions in Laizhou Bay in 2011, and the method based on functional group was adopted to study the functional groups and diversity of the macrobenthos. A total of 177 macrobenthic species were recorded, of which, polychaete, mollusk, and arthropod were dominant. The percentage of the species number in different functional groups to the total species ranked in the order of C〉D〉PI〉 O〉Ph, the percentage of the inhabited density showed the sequence of PI〉D〉C〉O〉Ph, and the percentage of the biomass was PI〉C〉D〉O〉Ph. The cluster analysis showed that there were three macrobenthos assemblages in the Bay. No significant differences were observed in the species number, inhabited density, and biomass between seasons. The Marglef index （d） ranked in the order of C〉D〉PI〉O, and showed a significant difference between seasons （P〈0.05）. The Pielou＇ s index （J＇） ranked in the order of C〉D〉O〉P1, and the Shannon index （H＇） was C〉D 〉PI〉O, but no significant differences were observed between seasons. There was a significant positive linear correlation between species diversity and functional group diversity. The ABC curve showed that the macrobenthic community was disturbed in different degrees. There were four trophic levels in the maerobenthie community and their food source, and the macrobenthic functional groups belonged to the Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and 1V trophic levels. A complicated food web was composed between all the trophic levels.

关 键 词：功能群 大型底栖动物 营养级 莱州湾 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]