城市非点源污染研究进展  

Urban non-point source pollution:Research progress

作　　者：李春林[1,2] 胡远满[1] 刘淼[1] 徐岩岩[1,2] 孙凤云[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110164 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第2期492-500,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171155和40801069)资助

摘　　要：城市非点源污染是伴随城市化而出现的新问题,其主要来源于城市中的工业排放、化石燃料燃烧、汽车尾气和土壤侵蚀等,通过暴雨径流的冲刷作用汇入城市水体,从而严重危害着城市水体水质和生态系统的安全。本文阐述了城市非点源污染的概念、形成过程及其影响因素;评述了城市暴雨径流的主要研究方法,即事件平均浓度(EMC)和初期冲刷(FF);介绍了国内外常用的SWMM和HSPF两种城市非点源污染模型的研究进展;总结了最佳管理措施(BMPs)和低影响发展(LID)在城市非点源污染控制中的应用;最后根据目前研究的不足,提出了未来研究要在加强污染物机理研究的基础上,进一步完善城市非点源模型,而中国要研究适合本国的城市非点源污染控制措施和将城市非点源污染治理与城市规划、景观设计相结合。Urban non-point pollution is a new issue appeared with rapid urbanization, which mainly comes from city industrial emission, fossil fuel burning, vehicle exhaust, and soil ero- sion, etc. , and seriously endangers the safety of urban water quality and ecosystem through the flush of storm runoff into urban waters. This paper elucidated the connotations of urban non-point pollution, its formation process, and affecting factors, introduced the research methods of urban storm runoff, including event mean concentration （EMC） and first flush （FF）, and the research progress of two non-point source pollution models （SWMM and HSPF） , and summarized the applications of best management practices （BMPs） and low impact development （LID） in con- trolling urban non-point pollution. In view of the shortages of current related studies, it was pro- posed that on the basis of strengthening the researches of pollutant movement mechanisms, the urban non-point source models should be further improved, and the suitable urban non-point pol- lution management practices should be developed, in combining with urban planning and land- scape design.

关 键 词：城市非点源污染 事件平均浓度 初期冲刷 最佳管理措施 低影响发展 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]