盐度骤降对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶活力及组织结构的影响  

Effects of Abrupt Decline in Salinity on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Histological Structure in Ruditapes philippenarum

作　　者：宋晓楠[1] 马峻峰[1] 秦艳杰[1] 常亮[1] 王玉英[1] 李霞[1] 赵力强[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院/辽宁省贝类良种繁育工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《农学学报》2013年第1期50-56,70,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家"863"计划"菲律宾蛤仔良种培育"(2012AA10A410-2);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助"国家贝类产业技术体系建设专项"(CARS-48)

摘　　要：为了探明菲律宾蛤仔在盐度骤降条件下的生理学反应及组织结构变化,以盐度35‰培育的蛤仔为对照,研究了盐度骤降至25‰和15‰条件下2、6、12、24、36、48、60h时蛤仔血淋巴中抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、GSH-PX)活力的变化。结果显示:在60h内,对照组蛤仔3种抗氧化酶活力均呈现出较稳定的状态。相对来说,盐度25‰和15‰组蛤仔SOD和GSH-PX呈现出"显著升高—显著下降—逐步恢复"的趋势。其中盐度为25‰时,蛤仔SOD活力在48h内持续显著升高,之后下降;盐度15‰时蛤仔在最初的12h内SOD活力显著升高,之后显著下降;GSH-PX活力在2个低盐度组蛤仔中升高和降低持续的时间相当;2个低盐组蛤仔CAT活力在6h时出现小幅升高后呈现整体下降趋势。3种抗氧化酶活力在实验结束时均恢复至对照组水平,说明3种抗氧化酶在盐度变化条件下会呈现规律性变化,但蛤仔适应和调整能力较强。对各盐度处理组蛤仔每天取样进行组织切片观察,仅盐度15‰组蛤仔在处理6天时出现较明显变化,体现在:鳃丝排列不规则、鳃丝间连接被破坏、鳃表面无法形成褶皱;肝胰腺细胞细胞质不饱满、腺泡腔扩大出现了部分细胞解体的现象;水管和外套膜的主要变化体现在褶皱降低或减少、上皮细胞高度降低、黏液细胞增多。该研究结果为蛤仔适应盐度骤变的生理生态学机理研究奠定了生物学基础。In order to detect physiological mechanism and the changes of histological structure with the abrupt decline in salinity in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippenarum, effects of abrupt decreasing in salinity on the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （SOD, GSH-PX, CAT） in hemolymph of R. philippenarum were studied. The clams were reared in different salinity of 35 （the control group）, 25 and 15 and sampled at 2, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h. In both low-salinity groups, the activity of the SOD and GSH-PX was higher than that in control group （P0.05） at the beginning, then decreased significantly and tended to be stable at the end of experiment. In group of salinity 25 and 15, the activity of SOD increased significantly and lasted for 48 h and 12 h before the decrement （P0.05）. The time of increasing and decreasing of activity of GSH-PX were roughly the same in group of salinity 25 and 15. The activity of CAT was decreased gently with a slight increase 6 h （P0.05）. The activities of the three antioxidant enzymes were returned to the levels of controls, which showed that the clams had high resistance against changes of salinity, and could regulate the activity of the antioxidant enzymes to adapt to the low salinity. Tissue sections, which sampled from clams suffered 6 days low salinity stress of 1.5%, showed that the fill filament connections and the arrangement were damaged, epithelial folds were disappeared. The heights of acinic cells in hepatopancreas reduced, the cytoplasm was not rich and the acinar lumens were enlarged. The epithelial folds were reduced and the mucous cells were rich in mantle and meaty siphon during low-salinity rearing. These results would be an important basis of the studies on physiological ecology during changes of salinity in clams.

关 键 词：菲律宾蛤仔 盐度骤降 抗氧化酶 组织结构 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]