不同发育时期的荔枝花芽冷敏感性比较  

Comparison of chilling sensitivity in floral buds at different developmental stages in Litchi chinensis

作　　者：鲁勇[1,2] 吴楚彬 陈厚彬[1] 胡志群[1] 张思[1] 周碧燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [2]深圳市宝安区农业科学技术推广中心 [3]华南植物园,广州510650

出　　处：《果树学报》2013年第1期115-120,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31071760);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系成花生理与调控岗位(CARS-33-08)

摘　　要：【目的】为了探明不同发育时期的荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）花芽的冷敏感性差异,【方法】以发生在2008年1月下旬至2月下旬的极端低温作为低温处理的条件,研究了低温对‘妃子笑’与‘糯米糍’2个品种的＂白点＂（一级侧花序原基）和初生花序（花序轴伸长的一级侧花序,长1-2 cm）2种不同发育时期的花芽相对电导率、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、花芽表面茸毛以及细胞超微结构的影响。【结果】结果表明,低温使花芽的H2O2含量升高,相对电导率增大,无论是低温期间还是温度回升后,‘妃子笑’＂白点＂的相对电导率低而且变化幅度小。受冷害的初生花序的茸毛较杂乱,表面有裂痕和碎片,但‘糯米糍’的裂痕和碎片相对较多。受冷害的＂白点＂茸毛排列较初生花序有序,表面也有裂痕,但‘糯米糍’的＂白点＂表面裂痕较多。而未受冷害的花芽茸毛致密而有条理,没有裂痕。2个品种受害细胞的细胞壁变得模糊,液泡膜出现破损,细胞质渗漏到液泡中,而没有受害的初生花序或＂白点＂上的细胞壁、液泡膜清晰。【结论】研究结果显示花序比＂白点＂对低温更敏感。【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the differences of the chilling sensitivity between floral buds at different developmental stages in litchi（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）.【Method】The relative conductivity,hydrogen peroxide（H2O2） content,surface feature and ultrastructure in floral buds of ＇Feizixiao＇and ＇Nuomichi＇at different developmental stages,including the stages＂whitish millets＂ at which the first axillary panicle primordia emerged and primary inflorescence with elongated rachis（1 to 2 cm long） were determined or observed during an extreme cold wave from late January to late February in 2008.【Result】The results showed that low temperature resulted in the increase of H2O2 content and relative conductivity in the buds.Relative conductivity at＂whitish millets＂of ＇Feizixiao＇was stable and in low level during the cold wave.The chilled trichomes on the surface of the primary inflorescences were in disorder.Gaps and fragments were found in the trichomes of the two cultivars,but those in the ＇Nuomichi＇were more than in ＇Feizixiao＇.The trichomes of the chilled ＂whitish millets＂ were orderly arranged on the surface of the buds with gaps and fragments.More gaps and fragments were found in ＇Nuomichi＇.In contrast,the non-chilled trichomes on the floral buds were arranged orderly without any gap.In the chilled cells of the two cultivars,the cell wall was unclear,tonoplast disrupted and cytoplasm leaked into the vacuole.While the cell wall and tonoplast in the primary inflorescences or ＂whitish millets＂of the non-chilled cells were clear.【Conclusion】The studies suggested that primary inflorescences were more sensitive to chilling than ＂whitish millets＂.

关 键 词：荔枝 花芽 冷敏感性 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]